Women’s Rights Movement DBQ

The women’s rights movement had all but disappeared after the adoption of the 19th Amendment in 1920. However, in the post-World War II period, women increasingly realized that they continued to face obstacles in achieving equality in American society. Throughout the history of the nation, women in the United States have always suffered from discrimination and were inferior to men. Women quickly realized that change was needed and they had to do something about it.After World War II, women were extremely disappointed because many were separated with the work place and were also dissatisfied with their lives because they felt bored a restricted. Women came together to try to achieve equality after the war by creating the National Organization for Women (NOW) and attempt to pass the Equal Rights Amendment. The struggle women were put through in the past have now helped the rights and treatment of women today. After World War II, women were dissatisfied with their roles and wante d equality. After the war, about two million women lost their jobs (Doc 1).They were told they didn’t want to work, and were forced to become homemakers and became separated from the workplace (Doc 1). Women began to question, â€Å"Is this all there is? † (Doc 2). They only made beds and shopped for groceries; women felt restricted and led boring lives (Doc 2). Women were also disappointed because there were only certain jobs available to them; mostly clerical work such as domestic service, retail sales, social work, teaching and nursing (RBP 983). These jobs paid poorly and no matter what, women were always made fewer wages than men.Women were also upset because they were denied easy access to education unlike men, and wanted to have a career outside of the home but could not because their lack of schooling. Women were not provided the same amount of opportunities as men and were very dissatisfied with their boring, restricted lives. Such lives led some women to orga nize small groups to discuss their concerns. During these â€Å"consciousness-raising† sessions, women shared their lives with each other and discovered that their experiences were not unique (RBP 985).The theory behind the women’s movement of the 1960’s was feminism, the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men (RBP 982). Because women came together and really started to believe they should be treated the same and have the same opportunities, they attempted in many different ways to achieve equality. Most women went through many unfair and bad experiences throughout their lives during the 1960’s, but there were many attempts to try and better their lives.In 1966, 28 women including Betty Friedan, created the National Organization for Women (also known as NOW), to pursue women’s goals (RBP 984) and to accomplish other goals such as women’s rights and control their own reproductive lives (Doc 3). Thanks to the Supreme Court, it was ruled that women had the right to choose an abortion during the first three months of their pregnancy in 1973. One significant goal of NOW was the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (Doc 3).The Equal Rights Amendment was a proposed and failed amendment to the U. S. Constitution that would have prohibited any government discrimination on the basis of sex (RBP R57). It failed because only 35 states approved out of the 38 needed (RBP 985). The passage of the Equal Rights Amendment would have been an extremely significant event because women would have been able to get the same pay as men, they could get managerial jobs instead of just menial ones, and it was a high possibility to reduce the amount of prejudice towards women.Other attempts to create equality after the war consisted of the challenge of the Cult of Domesticity, Roe v. Wade, representation in politics, and Title IX (notes). Even though not all attempts were successful, women got the poi nt across that they were tired of the unequal treatments and wanted change. Women have always been treated unequal throughout history, and were expected to bow down to men because they were inferior to them. Daily, they have suffered from all aspects of life; social, economic and political.They weren’t given the same job and educational opportunities, and were completely denied voting rights. Women did do many things to try to fix the discrimination between themselves and men, some worked such as the National Organization for Women, the case of Roe v. Wade, and Title IX. While some attempts failed like the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Even though women faced many obstacles in the nation’s past, there are still many more to come to completely demolish discrimination.

American Muslims Essay

What is a subculture? In studies of cultural subjects , a subculture is defined as a recognizable or definable group of like-minded individuals within the larger more diverse American culture. American culture itself is famous for its immense diversity and constant expansion. But within this culture many people are of different races and backgrounds forming the various subcultures. Subcultures are most commonly formed on the basis of ethnicity, religion, race, or even class. America has a huge migrant community that includes people from Latin America, South America, Africa and Asia, among many others. People from similar ethnic backgrounds thus tend to form groups for social interaction, based on their common background, and thus on common cultural practices, traditions, and more generally, just a similar lifestyle. People from the same religion form subcultures based on their common beliefs, and thus common religious practices and religious events. Individuals from the same race too often form subcultures based on their similar ancestry. And social class and status tends to form other subcultures, dividing society into the rich and the struggling. Subcultures are often quite different from the dominant culture. Such a subculture is then termed a counterculture. Many scholars also agree that subcultures give a feeling of identity and belonging to the people forming it. Most though believe that subcultures are an expression of going against the dominant culture. They are considered negative because of they do not accept the common diverse culture. Subcultures thus bring like-minded people together. But most importantly, the people forming subcultures feel separated from society, or find it unable to relate to it. Whatever the cause may be, subcultures are considered harmful to society as a whole, creating groups following there own laws, regardless of the dominant or accepted social standards. Subcultures can be identified in the form of characteristic clothing, language, music, style, aesthetics, political views and way of life. American Muslims form a large part of the general American culture, and are up to almost 7 million in number. Islam is the fastest growing religion in the country. American Muslims in fact are a subculture based on religion. The individuals themselves are form different countries like India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Bangladesh, the Middle East, Africa and many others. This particular subculture is quite distinguishable mainly because of the common religious practices. The Mosque or the ‘Masjid’ is the place of worshippers, and the centre were religious prayers, and occasions are held. The Mosque is also often a place of shelter for the poor. But the primary function of the mosque is for prayer. The followers are called to pray five times a day by the ‘Azan. ’ The Muslims also have a month of fasting called ‘Ramadan,’ at the end of which is celebration called ‘Eid. ’ This event is probably the most merry, and active event of the year, when Muslims of all ages greet each other, and wish each other a happy ‘eid. ’ Muslims follow the lunar calendar, where the month begins with sighting the moon. Another tradition is that of an annual sacrifice. On this occasion, a goat, cow or even a camel is sacrificed in the name of god. The sacrifice is carried out after the pilgrimage. The Holy ‘Kaaba’ in the city of Mecca is believed to be the House of God, and this pilgrimage is carried out in the last month of the Islamic calendar. But apart from these basic rituals, most Muslims follow many other subtle religious rules. One of these is related to food. Food is classified as either eatable, and clean, or unclean. Clean food is that which the religion allows, while unclean the one religion does not allow. Pork in particular is considered unclean. In fact, more and more American restaurants are beginning to offer a category of ‘halal’ food; that is, clean food for their Muslim customers. Most importantly, the holy book of the Muslims is the ‘Quran,’ which is a book that has almost all aspects of life. It explains the Islamic laws and rules to be followed. And finally, Muslims believe Prophet Muhammad to be the last prophet of God. The religion in fact is centered on the holy book and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad.

Research paper on Inferno Dantes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research paper on Inferno Dantes - Essay Example The mankind was badly immersed in the sins, vice and ignorance and it looked as if the Satan, himself has been unleashed on the Planet with Pope being the Anti Christ himself as foretold in the Holy Book. In these abominable conditions of Italy emerged Dante, the Italian poet of the middle ages. Dante is renowned for Divine Comedy and he added one of the greatest literary work to the field of literature, composed in the Italian language but later translated to the English Language. Taking a look at the ‘Divine Comedy’ written by Dante, it starts from Inferno which is a morbid and a gruesome excursion through her. The port talks and discusses the different stages of hell and sinners who committed various sins dwell on each of the levels, undergoing the punishment which perfectly matches the sin they had committed. Limbo, emerges as the first circle of hell does not depict torture of any form but rather stagnancy, a forever stop where the souls who never embraced the grace of the Church inhibit. This circle of hell is not exactly the form of torture, the souls will simply sit there, and that too for an eternity. These ‘virtuous pagans’ were not bad; they do not deserve the grace and the Supremacy of the Lord. So Dante, along with his poet guide Virgil, penetrate deeper in to the Hell, to discover more and then they find the shades they meet guilty of more severe sin. Each have greeted the perfect matched fate in Hell, each punished appropriately for the sins they have committed. The ice lake in the ninth circle of Hell, known as the Cocytus is the lake where the treacherous individuals are thrown into for eternity. Since Satan was himself the biggest treacherous, is damned to this very circle where he stays with his closest followers, who were able to successfully mimic his deadly sin when they walked on Earth. Cocytus has even rounds and the first round is known as the Caina, which was given the name after Cain of Bible. Cain was the fi rst ever human being to have committed a murder on Earth and he murdered his very own blood, his brother, Abel. Hence, those who were treacherous with their own family are damned to the first round. In this round, almost everyone who has sinned against their kin is damned to the icy lake of Cocytus, unable to move, unable to struggle. However this is contradictory to the notion of Satan burning and writhing with his followers in hell, searing in flames for an eternity. The reason why this set of damned have been frozen up to their faces in ice is because the burning of eternity can be viewed as lenient and an easy punishment, because fire is associated with light and warmth, the characteristics of God, his love and His Blessings. Hence this set of individuals has been damned to frigid ice because God wants to punish them in a way that can never be associated with him. These are the people who turned cold towards their own men and fellows on Earth have been punished in a way that the y failed to find companionship with other sinners as well. The second round is with people who were treacherous to their country, calling this round Antenora, which was named after Antenor of Troy who betrayed his city to the Greeks. Although the bond a n individual shares with his country is not as strong as the one he shares with his family, but the mere act of treachery can have adverse effects on the country and the countrymen, exposing them to hardships, severe

Management and ecommerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management and ecommerce - Essay Example I want to assume the risks and opportunities of being an entrepreneur. According to Kuratko (153), entrepreneurs risk their effort, time, funds and reputation by taking up an opportunity to venture into a specific entrepreneurial course. However, it would be appreciated that the higher the risk, the higher the returns on investment as beneficiaries pay a premium price. Therefore, instead of being risk averse and continue making meagre or no returns on investment, I would rather take the entrepreneurial informed risks and opportunities availed and have a chance of reaping greater benefits in return. 3. Insurance can be a costly expense, especially for a company that isn’t profitable. Explain the different types of insurance that a small business can obtain, and identify which ones you think are crucial, which are not, and why. The Association of British Insurers documents various insurances for small businesses. General liability insurance protects the business from liability claims with regards to injuries, accidents, negligence claims, slander, libel and cost of a lawsuit defence among others. Property insurance cushions against losses from damage to business assets and stock through fire, burglary, theft and consequential causes. Thirdly, business interruption insurance protects against lost revenue when unexpected occurrences lead to the incapacitation of the business. Money insurance protects against losing money to fraudulent employees, theft while on transit and even fraudulent directors. Finally, worker’s compensation, mandatory in many states, protects the business in case of claims arising from injury to employees. Property insurance, worker’s compensation and general liability insurance are crucial. This is because property insurance protects the business from losing its foundation – stock and assets. Worker’s compensation and general liability

Conference & Banqueting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Conference & Banqueting - Essay Example One of the finest conference venues in London is the Gibson Hall, named after its architect John Gibson (Gibson, 2007). London Hotel Marriott Kensington is the most contemporary of hotels offering conferencing and banqueting facilities (Marriott International, 2007). It has a modern design with a 7-storey atrium lobby while the Gibson Hall maintains the Victorian elegance with spectacular chandeliers and marbled columns. Best Western Lodge Hotel is a multi-functional leisure centre situated moments from the River Thames in attractive tree-lined Putney making it an ideal leisure resort (Hotels London, 2007). It is in South West London ideal for business and pleasure. Gibson Hall is located in the heart of the city while Kensington is close to central London in the heart of Kensington. Gibson Hall does not provide residential accommodation while Kensington has 216 well-appointed rooms for both business and leisure travel. Best Western on the other hand has 65 elegantly-appointed en-sui te rooms. Although Gibson Hall was initially the greatest of the city’s Banking Halls, it now incorporates many of the events required for modern event management. Kensington has nine meeting rooms and the largest room has the maximum seating capacity of 200 while at Gibson Hall the main hall is large enough to host 400 Theatre Style and 168 Class room style. Gibson Hall has three unique spaces and can host occasions ranging from dinner dances to charity events, to weddings and cocktails. Best Western has three conference/banquet suites all of which are multi-functional and equipped with the latest hi-tech facilities. It also provides internet/WiFi facility at these Halls which is not provided by the Gibson Hall. Each meeting room at Kensington is equipped with internet access but Gibson Hall, only provides complete audio-visual support for conferences. Being a hotel, Kensington has a coffee shop, a bar and restaurants while the Gibson Hall caters only for

Reserach review paper to discuss a topic related to developmental Assignment - 1

Reserach review paper to discuss a topic related to developmental diversity in early childhood - Assignment Example A learner with autism with very sensitive body is pained by touches, sights, smells, and sounds, which are normal to others. Many individuals with autism have cognitive impairment to some degree. When compared to cognitive impairment that slow growth, individuals with autism may show uneven development of skills (Gleason & Ratner, 2012). They might have difficulty in areas communication but might also develop skills in other areas like solving mathematical problems, creating music, drawing, or memorizing facts. Therefore, they might test higher on nonverbal intelligence tests. This paper discusses learning diversity of autistic children in English lessons. Autism comes in the first three years of life. Some children portray signs from birth while others develop normally then suddenly slip into symptoms when aged between 18 and 36 months. Nonetheless, some people may not show any sign of symptoms until demands of the situation surpass their capabilities. Autism is four times more in boys than in girls. It knows no ethnic, social, or racial boundaries. As mentioned above, autism is a disability that impairs socialization and communication. Students with autism experience challenge related to learning and reading. However, with targeted accommodation and interventions in reading instruction and assessment, they may become proficient readers. Therefore, understand the characters of the learners with autism are the firm important step for the development a practical instruction and appropriate assessment for them. Children with autism depict communication deficits, which may involve a total absence of the capacity to speak, along with focus on interests combine with repetitive patterns of behavior. The lack of an individual language skill can happen especially, in the area of conception of higher-level discourse that may also influence the reading compression ability. Some learners

Work strategic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Work strategic - Case Study Example The Real Chocolate Company, together with other chocolate and confectionery industry players must legally comply with government regulations. This includes health, sanitation and safety regulations. Product labeling regulations must be strictly followed. Franchise operations must abide with registration and disclosure of information. Candy taxes, vending machine restrictions and other legislations such as levels of lead in candies, which are introduced in various states in US, would affect the costs of chocolates and confectionery products. On the other hand, the increase in sugar imports to the country would be beneficial to the supply needed by the company. Health concerns that might affect the sales of chocolates is the increasing problem of obesity. Sweets, such as chocolates, and other high calorie products may causes obesity when taken irresponsibly. Although, health benefits of the product, especially dark chocolates, organic and natural chocolates, appeals to health-conscious consumers and old people. High income groups, Asians, and younger people are becoming the target market of gourmet chocolates. These groups have different behaviours and needs, but they serve as an opportunity for sales and growth when exploited. Prices of primary raw materials, like chocolates and nuts, used for the manufacture of gourmet chocolat... Uncertainty in the supply and the price of commodities may affect the production and operation of Real Chocolate Company stores and franchises. 1.2. Porter's 5 Forces Competitive analysis checklist was created to identify the five forces of competition. See Appendix A. Analysis shows that the market is highly competitive. Direct competitors have larger annual sales against the Real Chocolate Company. The power of suppliers is also high. The flow of supply of raw materials such as chocolates and sugar affects the production directly. Ease of entry into the chocolate market is high. Chocolate manufacture is simple and there are variations in the way the products are created and served. The company is almost dependent on the sales in franchise stores, which can be considered as customers of the Real Chocolate Company. Other sources of revenues such as company owned stores and non-traditional outlet is relatively low on the cash flow. 2. Internal Analysis 2.1. Strengths and Weaknesses "Perfection in Handmade Gourmet Chocolates" is a very good motto for both customer perspective as well as the employee's morale. This motto demonstrates the commitment of the company towards freshness and quality produced chocolates. Perfection means quality. Handmade illustrates freshness. Customer impression is important to create customer satisfaction and loyalty. Employee's morale and attitude is also guided by the motto since it reveals the responsibility of not just the management but also to the rest of the stakeholders in the company. This is a responsibility of producing quality chocolates from start to finish, from raw materials to packaged chocolates. The larger portions of chocolates in the packaging and the wide

BIOCHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BIOCHEMISTRY 3 - Assignment Example Vitamin C helps in preventing drying of the skin this is through promoting synthesis of lipids that act as barrier that will reduce water permeability in the skin cells (Mason 20). Vitamin C helps in photoprotection by reducing the rate of effect of chronic high-dose UVB thus reducing skin wrinkle and skin tumors Cholecystokinin is produced in small intestine and is a hormone that plays a big role in digestion of fats and protein. Cholecystokinin effect is also seen in the vagus nerve and brain. It generates the feelings of satisfaction when a person has consumed a lot of food thus shutting down the feeling of appetite. This hormone may sometime be introduced into the body for the purpose of carrying out test on diagnosis. Cholecystokinin hormone stimulates release of bile juice to the digestive tract through making the gallbladder to contract and relax. Bile is also released when the digestive tract detects fat content on the body (Mason 22). Cholecystokinin also inhibits the stomach from being emptied by providing a sensation that will result in stomach distension Secretin is hormone that occurs naturally in the body system and is produced for medicinal purposes. Secretin is used in pancreas to stimulate the secretion of digestive fluids which is reach in bicarbonates and has neutralizing agent for stomachs that are transported to the small intestine. Proteins are broken down by pepsin which are released by the stomach through stimulation by secretin (Mason 24). Gastrin is a hormone produced in the stomach lining and upper part of small intestine. Gastrin stimulates the release of gastric acid which helps in breaking down proteins in food and in absorption of certain minerals (Mason 25). Gastrin also helps in killing and disinfecting the stomach by killing bacteria that find its way to the stomach through the food. Uric acid is a chemical by

Common Health Problems found in Horses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Common Health Problems found in Horses - Essay Example Asymptomatic treatment akin to humans due to the causes that afflict humans like hidden dust mites, pollens, seasonal changes for asthma or COPD or Chronic obstructive path airway disease, etc. cause the respiratory problems. This condition known as â€Å"pipers† to horse dealers and â€Å"heaves† to the rest can also lead to COPD. (Important Information on Preventing and Treating Heaves, 1998) The common symptoms are the same as humans, which are wheezing, and a persistent cough. Anybody knows that an Asthmatic patient can’t undertake any heavy exercises or exertion and the same rest has to be accorded to the horse you love. Therefore fresh air is of essence and the horse should be taken out into the fresh air from its stable whenever possible. Allergies caused from dust, smoke, pollutants etc. are also the same factors, which can cause allergies in the horse. The symptoms are quite familiar and more exactly described as a horse becoming unwell with like â€Å"tearing eyes, coughing, or raised lumps on the horse’s shoulders†¦. yet can prescribe in some cases of heaves are corticosteroids† (Horse Allergies: Symptoms, Common Causes & Treatments of an Equine Allergy, 1995). Another common problem with horses, apparently healthy is drooling or salivating from the mouth unusually. Called SLUD, which means salivating, lacrimenting, urinating, defecating is a result of eating on fungal infected cloves and legumes. This is can be treated with anti fungal as the symptoms take 2 to 3 days to reveal after the horse has consumed the infected legumes and should be given limited feed of hay and the infected Pasteur should obviously be out of bounds usually again in humid and damp conditions which are most conducive fo r fungal growth. (Horse Saliva Syndrome: A Common Fungal Disease, 1999) Skin rashes and itching are also common in horses where the affected area can also lead a bald patch

Pueblo woman by Roxanne Swentzell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pueblo woman by Roxanne Swentzell - Essay Example The sunglasses show how the artist is blending modernism in her art work. a) Conform to the theoretical model. The artwork that fails to conform to the theoretical models fails to be recognized significantly therefore not recognized equally. The artwork must conform to the standards and this has made many artworks not to be recognized. There is a medium that the artist has used. She has endeavored to have a message in her sculpt. The artistic work shows the popular culture within the popular culture. b) Break from tradition. Masterpieces that break from the tradition of the Native American art make the work and the artist to remain anonymous. Roxanne has not observed the tradition as she seeks to pursue post modernism. This is evidenced in the carvings where she shows the how the modern woman is supposed to put on. The modern culture is shown by the use of the modern glasses and the striped swimsuit. The artist is not geared to reveal history but shows the popular culture within the Pueblo woman. c) Political boundaries. The sculptor has avoided being influenced by politics. She has endeavored in representing lifestyle and cultures, especially in the women as she exhibits modernity. There is no political representation in the sculpt but she chooses to address the conflicting cultural frameworks and the expectation of the modern woman. The artist chose to use clay as a medium to do her sculpt. It has a smooth texture and the color is blended well to show essentialism and reality of the modern lady.

Walt Disney or “Uncle Walt” Essay Example for Free

Walt Disney or â€Å"Uncle Walt† Essay Have you ever seen a movie or a cartoon that was produced by Disney? Of course you have! That is because there are so many movies and cartoons that are produced by Disney. However, Disney wasn’t as popular in the 1920’s as it is today. It all started with an average man. His name was Walter Elias Disney, or better known as Walt Disney. Walt Elias Disney was born in Chicago, Illinois, on the date of December 5, 1901. Later in his life he lied about his age and joined the American Red Cross at the age of 16. He soon went home and got a full scholarship to the Kansas City Art Institute. There he met a fellow animator Ubbe Iwerks. Then the two set up their own company. They made a series of animated shorts that were called â€Å"Newman’s Laugh-o-grams†, but the business failed. The two soon went to Hollywood and created a cartoon series that is about a little girl named Alice that has adventures in the woods. That too, went bankrupt. After that, his brother and he made another small company named Disney Brother’s Studios. When Walt and his brother (Roy) made Disney Brother’s Studios that was when they started to reel in the big money. Their first distributor was a woman from New York named Margaret Winkler. Disney’s Alice cartoons sold for 1500 dollars a short. The same price was for his Oswald cartoons. A few years later, Margaret Winkler and her husband stole the rights to Disney’s Oswald cartoons and every other cartoon they made, but Disney retaliated because he made one of his biggest cartoons after that which was Mickey Mouse. It was an instant sensation. Then in 1929, he made all of Mickey Mouse’s friends. They were Goofy, Pluto, Minnie, and Donald. This was one of his biggest hits. A few years later, Disney made the movie, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. It made an unimaginable 1.5 million dollars. It later won an Oscar. So went on Disney’s career. He produced many of the movies that we know today like, Finding Nemo, Monsters Inc., Peter Pan, and many more. Walt died on December 15, 1966. As you can see, Walt Elias Disney was very important to the 1920’s. He was very important because he created a new hobby that people could do. This means that he changed mass media and American culture. It made a very large significance to the future. Without Walt Disney, Disney Studios would not have been created. In the future Disney made many movies. Millions of Americans have seen and still watch Disney movies. I guess that I’m trying to say that without Disney, all the movies that we loved as children wouldn’t have existed if Walt didn’t make Disney. That’s how it affected the future. Walt Disney also affected American history. It gave Americans something to do or watch in their free time. Many movies that are widely known today wouldn’t have been made if it wasn’t for Walt Disney. So it affected American history because it changed mass media and he made many movies that are still loved today by millions of people around the world. So in the end, Walt Elias Disney was a very important man. He made a multi-billion dollar industry. It was amazing what he did. After all his work was stolen, he kept on trying and succeeded. He retaliated and made one of the biggest movie making companies in the history of America. It shows you that anything is possible in the land of opportunities.

Adidas Product Life Cycle

Adidas Product Life Cycle The product life cycle concept may apply to our product, Adidas Deep Energy Deodorant. The product life cycle concept helps our marketing managers to plan marketing strategies to address the challenges that our products are likely to face. Products life cycle can be divided into several stages which include introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage. Introduction stage shows small or even no sales and the company make no profit. When the Adidas men deep energy deodorant is introduced, sales will be low until customers become aware of the product and its benefits. This stage involves lots of research, expenditure and planning are required. Advertising costs of our deodorants product are high during this stage in order to quickly increase customer awareness of the product and to target the early adopters. During the introduction stage, we are expecting to incur additional costs related with the initial distribution of the product. These higher costs fixed with a low sales normally make the introduction stage a period of negative profits. Growth stage During growth stage, the sales increase due to attracting more competition into the market. Similar products starts come up and we have to focus on competitive advantages which can be price reduction, value added features or some other innovations. Profits rise due to an increase in output and perhaps better prices. At this stage, it is cheaper for Adidas to invest in enhance their market share as well as enjoying the overall growth of the market. Maturity stage In the maturity stage, sales of our product growth slow and generic competition appear. We may enhance our deodorant product features to differentiate the product. The selling price may start to erode under competitive price. In this stage, competition is strong as companies contest to maintain their market share. The Maturity Stage is the time when most profit is earned by the market as a whole. Some expenditure on research and development is likely to be controlled to our deodorant product modification and improvement and to improve production efficiency and quality. Decline stage In the Decline Stage, the market is reducing, decreasing the overall total of profit that can be shared with other competitors. Decline stage appear for some reasons the sales of our deodorant product start decreasing, the reasons can be some new and better choices or diminishing demand. At this stage, we have to manage our product carefully. It may be likely to cut out some production cost, to transfer production to a cheaper facility, sell the product into other cheaper markets. Core Product Adidas Deep Energy deodorants for Men provide the consumers the fresh, woody fragrance. This deep energy deodorant for men is alcohol-based, and provides excellent anti-bacterial formulation to consumers. It helps in keeping the under-arms fresh all day long, and also facilitate in reducing perspiration levels. In addition, it helps in deactivate the bacteria, and in turn ensuring zero body odors. This deodorant provides great protection against sweat and odor. This range has been developed with athletes in mind to give the best possible protection against sweat and odor. It also reducing ability of bacteria to breed thus gets rid of a sweat smell. Actual product The brand name of our product is Adidas Men Deodorant Clear Stick, Deep Energy. The selling price of it is RM8.90. Packaging design plays a crucial role in helping to communicate the image of the product. Black is a color choice for the packaging. They also used a hard container to emphasize the sport spirit in the product. 3 oz and 85g of a bottle with a slanted black plastic flip-top lid design to the top of it. It is developed for athletes, unique energizing fragrance, and 24 hours fresh power remain. The advertisement for the Adidas deodorant features the three guys playing basketball under the shining hot sun. Mysteriously their faces are not shown, nor the colors that they wear and remain secret. There is just the image of them playing basketball. With the presence of the fading orange background, it seems as if these guys have been playing all day. The color design of the advertisement is very dull. In the middle through the advertisement, on the right hand side, there is a picture of the Adidas deep energy deodorants that the buyer can choose from. Augmented product Things considered part of the augmented product include guarantee, warranty, customer service, accessibility as well as complementary product. Guarantee offers an assurance of the product will perform up to expectations and if not the company marketing the product will support the customers decision to replace, repaired or return for a refund. Warranty provides customers the protection that often extends past the guarantee period to cover repair or replacement of our deodorants product. Customer Service consists of extra services that support the needs of customers including offering training and help using telephone or online. Thus, customers of our product can solve their problem by using these. Complementary Products is the value of some product purchases can be enhanced with add-on products, such as things that make the main product easier to use. For instance, small little cover bag gift with the deodorant which consumers can carry easily. Improves styling or offers functionality which will attract more customers to buy our deodorants product. Accessibility is how customers obtain the product can affect its perceived value depending on how easy it is to obtain, the speed at which it can be obtained, and the possibility its available when needed. We can supply our deodorant products to those convenience stores such as Guardian, Watson, 7-eleven, and supermarkets and so on. So that customers could obtain our deodorants product as easy and available when needed.

George the 3rds Reign: Public Perceptions

George the 3rds Reign: Public Perceptions Discuss the public perception of George III in the first half of his reign. The sixty year reign of George III from 1760 to 1820 is the second longest of any British monarch save Victoria, his granddaughter. It endured the as yet unrivalled Gordon Riots of 1780, in which 10,000 troops were deployed and some  £100,000 of damage caused, the independence of America after years of expensive war and witnessed the French Revolution of 1789 and the horrors and war that followed. When George III died in 1820 he was well mourned: 30,000 people attended the supposedly private funeral, despite the fact that the king had been out of the public eye since 1810; shops were shut and laudatory sermons penned (Colley 1984, 94). Yet the public perception of George in the first half of his reign is somewhat more ambiguous and controversial: Samuel Romilly wrote that ‘from the beginning of his reign to the close of the American War, he was one of the most unpopular princes that ever sat on he throne’ (quoted in Colley 2005, 208). Picard (2000, 288), on the other hand, notes that the accession of George III was greeted by the people with ‘delirious enthusiasm’. On his coronation at the age of 22, George may indeed have seemed an attractive prospect, in particular because, unlike his two predecessors on the throne, he had been born and educated in England and spoke English as his first language. The stigma of being foreign did not apply to him and his attachment to Hanover, regularly preferred by George II, was not great, in fact he described it as that ‘horrid electorate’ (Ditchfield 2002, 23). In his first speech before parliament, George emphasised this, ‘born and educated in this country, I glory in the name of Britain’ (Shapiro 1972, 30). As for his character, Horace Walpole noted, the king seemed good-natured, walking about and talking to everybody as well as occupying the throne with dignity and grace and answering addresses well (Long 1962, 67). Even so, Colley has noted that while the new king may have been better received than the previous Georges, he received less public acclaim than William Pitt the Elder, whom he had rebuffed upon the death of George II (Colley 2005, 401 n.28; Colley 1984, 94; Long 1962, 64-65). Despite what might have been an optimistic beginning, the popularity of George seems to have waned, at least in certain quarters, during the 1760s. Early cartoons undermine him, showing him under the control of his mother and Lord Bute (Colley 2005, 209). A cartoon of 1770 vividly compares the reception of the king in 1760 and 1770 (Clarke 1972, 75). In contrast to the crowded street of celebrants in 1760, in 1770 the king’s procession proceeds alone through London as the driver comments ‘we are no longer plagued with the acclamation of the people’. Clarke (1972, 74) comments that this visible discontent was caused by rising population and deteriorating living standards. Other prints from the late 1760s show George as a blind, pliable child, in 1773 and 1780 he was portrayed as a drain on Britannia, in 1779 and 1784 he was shown as an oriental tyrant and (Colley 1984, 102). Perhaps due to his friendship with members of the Catholic elite and his sponsorship of the sons of Catholic ‘gentlemen of reputable character’ as well as his support for measured Catholic relief and suppression of the anti-Catholic Gordon Riots of 1780, he was even represented as a closet Catholic (Ditchfield 2002, 100-101, 106). It was during the early 1760s that John Wilkes rose to public prominence and popularity, often at the expense of the king and Bute. Wilkes, an English MP, had begun to publish a paper, The North Briton, in opposition to the Scottish Bute’s paper The Briton, which supported peace with France, (Shapiro 1972, 37). Wilkes was, amongst other things, anti-Scottish and pro-English, a womaniser and a member of the Hell Fire club (Colley 2005, 106). As such, he stood in stark contrast to the king, and seems to have been a more popular figure with the public. In response to George’s speech proposing peace with France, he published number 45 of The North Briton, in which he notoriously criticised the king and his new minister Grenville, causing his arrest under a general warrant (Clarke 1972, 42). He then capitalised on the unpopular use of general warrants, presenting himself as a champion of liberty against tyranny, and they were later declared illegal (Shapiro 1972, 47). George’s early unpopularity seems to have been due to his break with the Whigs and his promotion of his former tutor and relative political outsider Bute and their policy of peace with France (Clarke 1972, 38). He was suspected of trying to increase royal power and acting unconstitutionally, leading to accusations of tyranny, although it is only natural that Whigs and the excluded would respond in such a way after their years of prominence. His early proclamation of Britishness, while inclusive in spirit, rankled with sections of the majority English, as did his choice of the Scottish Bute, a Stuart, who was also reputedly the lover of the king’s mother and a Tory (Shapiro 1972, 32-33). His unpopularity may also have owed something to the king’s perceived dullness and ordinariness and a lack of ceremony and majesty to promote the royal image (Colley 2005, 202). For example, the royal couple were brought to their coronation in sedan chairs and Samuel Johnson comme nted that the crown was too often ‘worn out of sight of the people’ (Colley 2005, 203). In the 1770s and early 1780s, with Lord North as his minister, it was the loss of the American colonies and defeat by them that became a real public humiliation for George, as well as a political crisis (Cannon 2004). In 1775, John Wesley commented that most people ‘heartily despise his majesty, and hate him with a perfect hatred’ (quoted in Colley 2005, 208). Even so, public opinion on the war was ‘seriously fractured’ on both sides and Colley notes that the experience of this particular war, against a colony perceived as the mirror of Britain and without allies in Europe, ‘seems actually to have resolved some of the uncertainties and divisions of the 1760s and early 1770s’, although North was forced to resign in 1782 (Colley 2005, 137, 143). Indeed, North absorbed much of the responsibility and images of George himself tend to become more positive, often portraying him as St George, John Bull or later as the guardian of the nation (Colley 1984 , 102). This is especially the case following the king’s illness in 1788, which showed his vulnerability and aroused great pity (Colley 2005, 212). A more conscious fostering of royalism and its link with nationalism in second half of George’s reign inevitably casts a shadow back over his public perception in the first half. For example, the first royal jubilee was held on 25 Oct 1809 and celebrated around the empire as well as in 650 locations around England (Colley 2005, 218). While George’s famed domesticity may have been unexciting in a young king, his morality and example perhaps influenced the shifting virtues of the late eighteenth century towards an idea of the family and sensitivity and away from indecency, especially popular amongst the developing middle classes (Porter 1990, 305-307). There was also an increasing sentimental female attachment to royalty (Colley 2005, 218-19). Through his long life he became a symbol of continuity and stability in Britain against the anarchy that had overtaken much of Europe (Colley 2005, 223-24). Public ceremony and pomp also was taken more seriously with some 27,000 vol unteers displaying in Hyde Park in 1803 (Colley 2005, 225). Inevitably, the public perception of George III varied from person to person and it is imprudent to overgeneralise; there is evidence for both popularity and approval and their opposites and there is undoubtedly much that is partisan in popular publications (Colley 2005, 208, 228). However, the increasing popularity of George in the latter half of his reign does seem to highlight his more ambiguous public status in the first half, but should be taken in the context of increasing concern for fostering the royal image. Insofar as it is possible to gauge public perceptions, he was viewed in the first half of his reign with a mixture of optimism, suspicion, ridicule, love and hatred. He may have offended Wilkes, the Whigs and the old elite and seemed weak and under the control of his mother and Bute, but his loyalty to his country, delight in family, home and farm and sheer longevity eventually offered a unifying factor in a changing country and a changed world. Through the loss of Ameri ca, and his very public illness and confinement, George, rather than becoming less popular, could be seen to embody a more national feeling, and indeed this changing image, rather than power, of royalty has been developed by monarchs ever since. Thus Colley (2005, 401 n.28) observes that it was from the 1780s that there was a sustainable rise in his popularity and patriotic significance. Bibliography: Cannon, J. 2004. George III and History’s Poisoned Well. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/george_iii_poisoned_well_01.shtml (22/10/5) Clarke, J. 1972. The Life and Times of George III. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Colley, L. 1984. The Apotheosis of George III: Loyalty, Royalty and the British Nation 1760-1820. Past and Present 102 (February), 94-129. Colley, L. 2005. Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-1837. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Ditchfield, G.M. 2002. George III: An Essay in Monarchy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Long, J.C. 1962. George III: A Biography. London: Macmillan. Picard, L. 2000. Dr Johnson’s London: Everyday Life in London 1740-1770. London: Phoenix. Porter, R. 1990. English Society in the Eighteenth Century. Revised edition. London: Penguin. Shapiro, H. 1972. John Wilkes and Parliament. London: Longman. GIS Basics: Spatial Data Structure and Module GIS Basics: Spatial Data Structure and Module GIS Basics: Spatial Data Structure and Module Introduction The forth chapter of the book, GIS Basics, deals with spatial data structures and models. The author organizes this chapter in a way that gives a breakdown of different elements that comprise the topic and creates the relationship between them, thus forming a background with which to understand the differences between data structures and models as well as their application in geography. The essence behind such elaborate explanations is to allow for entry and application of various data types and information into computer applications and programs that allow the utilization of the same in the form of useful information. Spatial data comprises data mostly applicable in the field of geography concerning physical elements and features from the earth and human interaction and relation to such features and structures. Data and information There exists several differences between data and information. The main difference between the two is that data serves as a source of information, but information does not necessarily entail data. The presumption in this statement is that data is an ingredient of information. Data undergoes processing to create a transformation that results in a form with more meaning to the recipient, especially in terms of understanding the various aspects that prove important in making a decision. The usefulness of data in creating useful information depends on the application of such information after the conversion process. In establishing the usefulness of information, several principles apply. These principles include relevance, reliability, timeliness, intelligibility, consistency, completeness, and convenience among others. The relevance of useful information depends on the intention of such information and the appropriate level of detail. Reliability means that the user of the information h as to ensure that it is accurate and it emanates from a verifiable source, which is often acquirable via independent means. The principle of timeliness requires information to remain useful depending on the purpose for the conversion of the data. The principle of consistency incorporates the need to check with other sources while convenience means that information should be easy to handle for the user and obtain protection form malware and unsupervised access. An information system changes data into information through various processes. The first process, viz. conversion, involves the transformation of data from one format, unit of measurement, or feature of classification to another in order to match the usage. Organization of data forms the second process, which often involves arrangement of data according to database management rules and procedure for easy access and use. Structuring means that data has to undergo formatting or reformatting so that it is acceptable to a certain software application. On the other hand, modeling involves the inclusion of spatial analysis and visualization of data so that it is useful to the user in terms of understanding and decision-making. Organization and structuring are elements of crucial importance to the proper functioning of information systems as their absence makes turning data to information impossible. Information organization The data perspective of information organization People understand information organization from four main perspectives, viz. data, relationship, operating system, and application architecture. In the data perspective, people consider the organization of data in terms of their descriptive and graphical elements. Therefore, the two elements possess distinctive features necessitating different storage requirements as well as storage options. A person thus needs to understand the correct sequence in which entities occur and build up until they eventually form a data file. A data item that falls under descriptive data is one of the most basic elements in the organization of information. It is the smallest unit of storage in a database and it goes by the term ‘stored field’ in the database terminology. It may appear in the form of a number, date, an expression, or character string. A group of related data items forms a record and often appears in the form of different characteristics pertaining to the same entity. A set of related record forms a data file. The element of relation often occurs in terms of different occurrences of the same type or class of entities, regardless of whether the said entities are people, things, events, or phenomena. A collection of data items of the same type and size goes by the term ‘array’ and it can occur either in one dimension or two. When the organization of data takes the form or arrangement of entries in rows and columns, the final product is a table, which often applies to relational databases. A list, on the other hand, is a finite sequence of data items and it may follow a specific arrangement or lack any sort of order. A tree constitutes yet another form of data arrangement that falls under relational data in which each data item has an attachment to one or more data items and often takes the shape of an inverted tree. The concept of a database is one that has developed due to the introduction of computers as media for data storage. Essentially, a database and a data file contain very similar information with slight differences. The main differences that set the two apart are the type of information and medium of storage they demand. A data file contains records with the same data type and format description. A database, on the other hand, contains a group of related records organized in one or more data files with similar or different data types or formats. The type of storage for a data file is flexible enough to be manual or digital while that of the database relies strictly on computers. These differences occur due to the capacity of a computer to process more information at a time than a person does, the ability to process different data files, create a relationship between them, and store the data files within the shortest time possible. The creation of data files often occurs manually, thus limiting the amount of processing that is applicable to a particular data type or format description at any one time. Secondly, the aim for data file processing usually touches on the creation of a particular solution and often stops after the establishment of the solution. Database processing often aims at a myriad of solutions for the different data files, the creation of relations between such data files and sometimes the formulation of predictable variables that aid organizations in the decision-making process. Thirdly, a database often complies with the central control of data in order to ease the redistribution of the same within different departments in an organization. Through computer networking, this characteristic ensures that different departments within an organization receive the same information, depending on the need for such information. Databases are classifiable into relational table like, network have pointers linking them to associated files, hierarchical data tree like relationship, and object-oriented data, which are associated with specific objects. Graphical data, which is the second organization of information in the data perspective, has its most basic element known as basic graphical element. There exist three basic graphical elements, viz. point, line, and polygon or area. These elements can be employed to represent geographical features as single entities or collectively to form complex geographical features. The use of these basic graphical elements to represent geographical data yields vector data. The vector data is conventionally organized into layers of related themes, which yield entities such as base maps, vegetation, soil, and political boundaries among many others. Several themes of vector data about a specific geographical region constitute the spatial component of a geographical database. This method of representation is based on the object view of the real world. Graphical data yielded by imaging devices gives another form of graphical data known as raster data. This form of data comes from the representation of geographical data in the form of picture elements (pixels). Thus, raster pixels capture a generalized representation of a given area. This form of data can also be arranged into themes, which eventually give information such as vegetation cover and land use among others. This method of representation is based on the field view of the real world. The relationship perspective of information organization Relationships are important in information organization and they can be either categorical or spatial based on what they describe. Categorical relationships are concerned with how individual features in a classification system are linked. Classification follows the concept of scales of measurement of which there are four distinct types, viz. the nominal scale (qualitative, non-ranking, non-numerical), ordinal scale (nominal, with ranking), interval scale (ordinal, with ranking, numerical values based on arbitrary data), and ratio scale (interval scale with numerical values based on absolute data). Categorical relationships that use measurement scales, which involve ranking, have their data sorted into varying levels of detail. At the highest level of classification, data is broadly classified, but this aspect changes down the classification hierarchy. Descriptive data follows this system of classification. On the other hand, spatial relationships are concerned with how different features in space are linked to one another. In graphical data, one can effortlessly make out spatial relationships, but transferring these graphical spatial relationships into a database remains a challenge. Implicitly capturing spatial relationships into databases is characterized by the need for large storage and slow data computation. Yet spatial relationships are very important in geographical data handling. Thus, the aim of information organization and data structure in this context is to establish ways of handling spatial relationships with the least possible storage or computation thresholds. Operating system perspective of information organization In this perspective, information is arranged in the form of directories, which are special computer files that arrange other files into a hierarchy. With reference to systems that employ graphical user interfaces, directories are also known as folders. Directories fall into different levels such as root directories (top most), sub-directory (under another), and parent directory (above another). Usually, files of similar characteristics are placed in one directory such that the path that leads to a file comprises the directory name and the file name. Geographical information systems borrow the same concept, but they refer to it as the workspace. This aspect implies that in geographical information system terms, a workspace is a directory that contains files relating to a given project. The application architecture perspective of information organization Today, computer software replicates a client/server system in their architecture. This system denotes a relationship among computers on telecommunication network, or several processes within a single computer. A client thus denotes a process that seeks services from one or many servers simultaneously. A server, on the other hand, is a process that provides the requested services to one or many computers at once. Information systems have many ways by which they can replicate the client/server. However, there are five commonly used ways, viz. database, file, web, groupware, and transaction servers. The aim of information organization from this perspective is to come up with means of easing the transfer of resources between clients and servers. This goal is achievable by ensuring that data is strategically placed at the appropriate location alongside similar data to ease access to the data. Data Fundamental concepts Data conventionally refers to facts. Some are meaningful the users while others are not. The data that users consider as important is protected in arrangements known as databases. Data can be spatial or non-spatial. Spatial data is concerned with location, orientation, size, and shape. The relationship between these elements leads to spatial relationships, which is typical of spatial data. Non-spatial data, on the other hand, is conventionally linear and autonomous. The difference between spatial and non-spatial data is so pronounced that their storage and management differs. The complex nature of spatial data and its numerous relationships necessitated the development of databases. Databases underscore the information itself, not the storage medium that holds the information. GIS is in a position to be developed and managed due to databases for they form the building blocks for GIS. This aspect is made possible by the concept of database management systems (DBMS). A larger system of information organization and management is the repository. A repository is an arrangement developed with the aim of storing and protecting data. It could consist of several databases, which possibly contain related information or sometimes the databases can be completely unrelated. A repository is developed such that it supports the addition, retrieval, and deletion of the information contained therein. Some allow the changing or updating of data. Repositories are comparable to bank vaults since their primary purpose is to protect their content from theft or destruction. Repositories are known for two key features, viz. security and robustness. Mostly, there is a need for a password in order to access the contents of a repository. The robustness feature also ensures that accidental destruction of data in a repository is minimized. This goal is achieved through the transactional mechanism, whereby a series of database manipulations are designed such that incase of a ny interruption, the database restores itself to the pre-transactional state. Database management systems (DBMS) This system is a type of repository, which allows for the manipulation of a database and whose user interface allows for the administration of the database. A phonebook is the best example of a DBMS. While a repository was likened to a bank vault, a DBMS can be liked to a full-fledged bank with all its services. Thus, they provide comprehensive database manipulation functionalities. Discussion Points The distinction between data and information evades many people. They often find themselves using these two terms interchangeably, that is, one in place of the other. However, it is apparent that the two terms denote very distinct concepts such that using one instead of the other is incorrect and misleading. In the light of this observation, what are the fundamental elements of information that clearly set it apart from data? In highlighting these elements, it is necessary to outline the relationship between the two concepts as well. The advent of computers has revolutionized every field of study including geography. It is now easier to manage data, files and databases because of the improved functionality provided by computer applications that have been developed to enhance these functionalities. In the field of geography, this improvement can be seen in the development of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). With this development in mind, what are the key additions that computers have brought to the field of geography, without which, they would be considered inconsequential to this field? In the current age, information access, sharing and transfer has become easy due technological advancement. This has led to this age being termed as the information explosion age. Thus, the development of information organization systems can be seen as an attempt at making meaningful use of the information at the disposal of humanity. The three information organization perspectives discussed in this chapter all have some relevance to geography. In your assessment, is there a particular information organization perspective that can be considered more appropriate to the field of geography? What evidence supports your answer? Balanced Scorecard Case Study: Tesco Balanced Scorecard Case Study: Tesco Competitive Environment of Tesco Tesco is the largest food retailer in the UK and one of the leading grocery retailers in the world. It supplies 30% of the food purchases made in the UK. More than 550,000 employees service the companys customers in nearly 5,000 locations spread across 14 countries in Europe, Asia and North America (Tesco plc, 2010, p 1-3). The companys operations in the British retailing space, coupled with its steady overseas expansion, have opened it to numerous competitive challenges and threats. In the UK, the company faces strong and increasing competition from its heavyweight rivals like ASDA-Walmart, Sainsburys and Morrison (Finch Wood, 2010, p 1-2). Each of these organisations is constantly trying to improve its market share through various customer focused and efficiency oriented strategies (Finch Wood, 2010, p 1-2). Whilst Tesco continues to lead in market share, sales and profitability in the UK, it remains under constant competitive pressure and any strategic or market place error could have adverse results (Finch Wood, 2010, p 1-2). The economic environment in the UK is possibly going through its worst turmoil since the 1980s. Increasing unemployment, thousands of job losses and a very slowly reviving economy have dampened the enthusiasm of supermarket shoppers and created difficult market conditions fo r market participants (Kollewe, 2010, p 1-2). Sharp reduction in government spending, the proposed elimination of thousands of public sector jobs by the present coalition government and the three-fold increase in academic fees have already led to widespread protests and are expected to affect the economic climate further (ABC Inc, 2010, p 1). Whilst the company is steadily increasing its global footprint, the UK continues to be its overwhelmingly large market and accounts for practically 67 % of its total sales and 71 % of its profits (Tesco plc, 2010, p 1-3). The economic and social turmoil in the country, along with increased competitive pressure from its main competitors will certainly intensify environmental and competitive challenges for the company intense in the coming years (Tesco plc, 2010, p 1-3). Tesco has in recent years been working at steadily expanding its global operations. Its global presence is however less than that of Walmart, Carrefour and Metro and its position in the global retail market, whilst strong and increasing, do not mirror its dominant position in the United Kingdom and it is the grocery leader in only two overseas markets, Malaysia and Thailand (Finch Wood, 2010, p 1-2). Tesco, like other major firms expanding strongly into international markets often faces different and difficult environmental and competitive conditions in its various operational regions. Much of the competition in its overseas markets comes from numerous local competitors who not only operate with far lesser overheads but also understand local tastes and preferences much better. Tesco is combating competition in its overseas markets and trying to establish its presence with the help of well established local firms and different store formats (Tesco plc, 2010, p 1-3). However the globa l experiences of various supermarket majors like Walmart and Carrefour reveal that global expansion is not easy and significant market failures can occur from incomplete understanding of market requirements and choice of market strategies (Sarkar, 2009, p 1-3). Tescos Corporate and Marketing Strategy Tescos rapid growth in recent decades has been driven by its carefully planned and sustained customer focused strategy. The company is possibly the only retailer to appeal to different market segments, upmarket, midrange and low price. It constantly focuses on improvement of customer value and services with focused action in areas like supply chain management, pricing, quality, product range and in-store as well as on-line customer convenience. The company initiated a major strategic change in the mid 1990s with the adoption and customisation of the balanced scorecard approach, soon after it was first advanced by Robert Kaplan and David Norton. Balanced Scorecard Approach The balanced scorecard approach was developed by Kaplan and Norton to provide businesses with a holistic tool for performance measurement in different critical areas of business firms. Whilst much of performance measurement in the past focused on the financial aspects of the business, the balanced scorecard approached performance measurement from four viewpoints, namely the financial perspective, the customer perspective , the business process perspective and the learning and growth perspective (Kaplan Norton, 1996, p 7-13). The balanced score card whilst originally constructed for measurement of performance is now used for formulation and implementation of strategy by business firms. Organisations adopting the balanced scorecard set objectives in each of these areas and thereafter formulate targets and initiatives for meeting such objectives, as well as measures to assess actual progress in meeting them (Kaplan Norton, 1996, p 7-13). Its use enables firms to clarify strategy in terms of the different dimensions outlined by the balanced scorecard tool, communicate strategic objectives in different areas, plan set targets and align strategic initiatives, and implement systems for achievement of feedback and engagement of double loop learning (Kaplan Norton, 1996, p 7-13). Adoption of Balanced Scorecard by Tesco Tesco adopted the balanced scorecard method in the mid 1990s to drive its strategy and operations. Tescos adoption of the balanced scorecard method led to the development of the famous Tesco Steering Wheel, which was originally divided into four quadrants, namely Customers, People, Operations and Financials (Kaplan, 2008, p 1-2). The Tesco Steering Wheel (TSW) originates from the companys core purpose and long term objective, namely the creation of value for customers in order to earn their constant loyalty. The company added a fifth dimension to the TSW in 2007, namely community, in order to encourage employees to become excellent citizens and improve their communities. A diagram of the new Tesco Steering Wheel with five quadrants is provided as under (Kaplan, 2008, p 1-2). (Source: Kaplan, 2008, p 1) Tescos steering wheel helps in ensuring that its 550,000 employees in multiple countries work towards delivering distinctive and unswerving buying experiences to consumers in each and every store. The concept of the TSW came about from the adoption of the balanced scorecard in the early 1990s when Tesco engaged in a process to elucidate its mission and strategy to ensure the realization of this objective. Tesco, (in the words of Sir Terry Leahy, CEO) doesnt want one leader. We want thousands of leaders who take initiative to execute the strategy. (Kaplan, 2008, p 1) Tesco used the steering wheel, a clear symbol for a tool to drive performance and assist employees find the way into the future, to communicate to its employees. The original TSW has had four equal arcs, representing the four areas of balance scorecard focus, namely financials, customers, operations, and employees. The company added another dimension, community, to the TSW in 2004 to encourage and support workers to participate in and help the communities where they work and live (Tesco plc, 2010, p 1-3). Tescos steering wheel is not easy to implement. Extensive efforts are required by way of consumer research, collection of data, and analytics to ensure that objectives and metrics continue to remain appropriate, even as consumer tastes and preferences change and competition intensifies (Kaplan, 2008, p 1-2). All Tesco stores get monthly updates on the steering wheel, summaries of metrics of the five arcs four arcs, so that Tesco employees in different regions and multiple formats get appropriate performance feedback. Tesco adds to the effectiveness of its steering wheel report with small lists that explain important strategic key elements simply so that employees can pursue in their routine functions. The TSW has assisted the company in focusing on its strategy during its rapid growth in the 1990s and the 2000s (Kaplan, 2008, p 1-2). Tescos Strategic Map in the Coming Years Tesco has an established and steady growth strategy that is based upon broadening business scope in order to achieve sustainable long-term growth by pursuing customers into large and growing markets at home and new markets overseas (Kaplan, 2008, p 1-2). The companys growth strategy has five main components, namely (a) to achieve success in international retailing, (b) to increase the core UK business, (c) to achieve equal strength in non-food businesses, (d) develop retailing services and (e) place the community at the centre of all operations. Tescos business strategy has been based on diversification during the last decade and the company intense to strengthen its various businesses across multiple countries and formats during the next two years (Kaplan, 2008, p 1-2). The companys strategic objectives for the coming two years are indicated in the BSC chart provided below. These objectives have been based essentially on increasing and maintaining the important thrust areas of the company. Financials Improve group sales by more than 10% Reduce start-up losses in the US and make US operations profitable Improve international sales by more than 25% Improve return on capital employee to 15% Improve UK market share by 1% Customers Focus on customers having to spend less in the UK Gove customers health choices Improve customer choice Improve range of clothing Improve range and quality of general merchandise Increase product range of Tesco bank Make FF a global fashion brand Processes Improve health and safety processes Improve capabilities of people Improve processes for product safety Improve controls for fraud and compliance People Create 20,000 new jobs each year Reward our employees for their work and support their development Develop leaders with greater intensity Improve the effectiveness of whistle blowing policy Improve diversity and inclusivity Improve employee retention to 95% Apart from the above quadrant, Tesco also has the following strategic objectives in Community Care. Tesco has undertaken numerous initiatives in labeling of products, reduction of carbon footprint, diverting store waste directly to landfill and reduction of carbon emission from stores and distribution centers. The strategic objectives for the next two years in this area have been formed on the basis of Tescos commitment in specific areas of community care. Reduce carbon emission from stores and distribution centers by 10% each year. Support causes in local communities. By and sell products responsive.

The Eccentric Work of Djuna Barnes :: Biography Arts

The Eccentric Work of Djuna Barnes It is precisely Barnes's relation to literary tradition that so troubles assessments of her work: readers do not know where to "place" her. . . . Although well respected by her contemporaries, Barnes's work has fallen prey to the same set of received notions that until very recently informed studies of Gertrude Stein: both women have been chastised for being significantly different from their Paris colleagues and for failing to master the Modernist enterprise. (Benstock 242-3) It only seems appropriate that I begin with this quotation from Shari Benstock's Women of the Left Bank because it immediately situates the critical problem that my own project hopes to illuminate: how to begin to approach Barnes's eccentric work within a historical context and how to make sense of the implications of such eccentricities given that context. Her work, even within the diverse body of eccentric modernist texts, stands apart in its uniqueness. Like many modernist texts (i.e. Toomer's Cane, Joyce's Finnegan's Wake, and much of Stein's work), Barnes's work is difficult to categorize. Unlike other modernist texts, however, Barnes's work challenges genre through its mixing of both linguistic and visual representation. For example, in texts such as Ladies Almanack and The Book of Repulsive Women, Barnes uses both text and drawings to depict female sexuality. It is this shifting between modes of representation that will be the emphasis of my project. Through an examination of both her textual and visual art forms, I will argue that Barnes was experimenting in different ways than her contemporaries, ways that radically challenged understandings of gender, identity, and sexuality by suggesting that these categories are unstable, ever-shifting entities. One of the most important elements in this experimentation was her performance: through her shifts between forms and genres, Barnes mimics and performs the very instabilities that she represents in those art forms. Much like the fin-de-sià ¨cle Decadents with whom she is often linked, Barnes makes central the trope of transition in her shifts between genres. Indeed, Djuna Barnes's work is grounded in decadence, and a brief examination of this tradition will help situate her work. French and English fin-de-sià ¨cle writers and artists such as Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, Oscar Wilde, Arthur Symons, Max Beerbohm, and Aubrey Beardsley all used a decadent style in their works. Though many critics point to the difficulty in defining decadence, they do agree that the style has distinguishing characteristics:

Attitudes toward Victorian Society in Great Expectations by Charles Dic

Great Expectations Explore some of the ways in which Dickens’ attitudes to Victorian society are presented in the opening chapter of Great Expectations. For this essay I will be focusing on the opening chapters of Great Expectations, a novel written by Charles Dickens. I am going to consider the Victorian society at the time and dickens’ use of language to express themes, settings and characters. Charles Dickens wrote this story in the Victorian times. Hence we seem to think what ‘does he mean’ by â€Å"Great Expectations†. By us the readers, knowing and understanding what it means, we can get a rough idea of what the story is like. By Great Expectations we mean having high expectations for life, class and dreams for a better life. Dreams that a person really wants for it to come true. Hoping or expecting more than you have. This lays quite an effect on the reader, this is because the title â€Å"Great Expectations† doest say much. The title itself can give ideas to us the readers as to what the story will be like. For example they can suppose that the story is about someone’s great expectations in life, of a job, of a person and even of himself or herself. This story was set in the Victorian times, which was actually in the mid 1800’s and Charles Dickens wrote it in the 1860’s. So life back then is very different as to how it is now. If we compare today to the Victorian era, we see people lived very different lives in many different ways. A few had access to educations, some didn’t. Some were able to get a good high standard job and some didn’t. At the time of Charles Dickens a lot of the people were poor, many suffered from poor health and had to work all day late into the night. The few that were rich thought they were better ... ...rown with nettles’, this tell us what the area is like and creates feelings in the reader. This also gives the impression that the atmosphere is dull, depressing, empty and hopeless. This makes the reader feel that there is no hope for Pip. In conclusion I think Dickens has used language, setting and the theme of death etc in a very effective way. Dickens shows us the different ways of using language to introduce many themes and settings. He does this using different technique as he skilfully catches the reader’s attention in just through the first pages! He involves the reader so quickly that they just keep on reading. This makes the readers feel it is important to know what happens next. However I myself and many many other readers will find that Dickens does keep his readers interested all the way through the story and it shows how good he is at it.

Illusion And Disillusion In He :: essays research papers

The Journey from Illusion to Disillusion in Hemingway’s Old Man and The Sea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our world today we are constantly bombarded with messages of illusion and falsity, however the states in which people travel through their lives differ. Some people are suspended in a state of illusion for all their lives, only realizing their potential on their deathbed. Others have their illusions stolen from them as a child and are brought up in a world without magic and fanciful ideas. For most, we discover this passage from illusion to disillusion at a time in our lives when we need it most. Quite simply, one cannot lead a happy and productive adult life when one is oblivious to the truths of this world. This does not mean, however, that the perfect life is one free from illusions, hopes and dreams. Ideally through the process of disillusionment one will learn the importance of their dreams and hold on to the ones that make them most productive. In Hemingway’s novel, The Old Man and The Sea, the main character Santiago needs this rite of passage to d efine and seal his destiny, and to truly understand and believe in himself. It is through this journey that he establishes limits and boundaries on the illusions he holds onto ritualistically, and yet opens himself up to the larger possibilities of life at the same time. He goes through very obvious and specific stages in his struggle, in a world of illusion, through the sacrifice and pain of the journey and into disillusionment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Santiago is a proud man, and the world of illusion which captivates him is the only thing that keeps him going, day after day. Sadly, Santiago does not truly have confidence in himself. He attributes much of his success and failure to luck: “‘Eighty-five is a lucky number,’ the old man said. ‘How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?’';(Hemingway, 13). Santiago is so preoccupied by the idea of luck, and it seems to him that all his experiences are based on powers greater than his own. This seems to parallel Hemingway’s, own illusions, as Young explains, “... both [Santiago and Hemingway] were given to remarking ‘I am a strange old man.’ And both men were preoccupied with their ‘luck’ - a kind of magic which people have in them, or do not.'; Santiago must believe that he is unlucky, as this illusion allows him to continue fishing, continue failing.

History of the World in 6 Glasses Essay

Chapter 2: Civilized Beer 1. The â€Å"Land between 2 rivers† is the Tigris and Euphrates rivers located in Mesopotamia (in the Fertile Crescent). â€Å"The World’s first cities arose in Mesopotamia, ‘the land between the streams,’ the name given to the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers†¦ (24, Standage)†, which meant that around this area most of the people were hardworking. The problem about these two rivers though is that they had unexpected flooding and there was little rain. This is why at the time, goods, instead of being offerings to gods were, â€Å"compulsory taxes that were consumed by the temple bureaucracy or traded for other goods and services (40, Standage).† This only arose though because of the unpredictable weather and nature of the Mesopotamian environment. 2. Mesopotamia and Egypt had many differences,, but they were both similar in one thing, â€Å"Both cultures were made possible by an agricultural surplus, in particular an access of grain (25, Standage).† It funded many a vast amount of public works/constructions to be possible such as canals, temples and pyramids and also freed a small elite of administrators and craftsmen from the need to produce their own food. Grain was the main national diet in both Mesopotamia and Egypt, refereed to as â€Å"edible money† because it was consumed in both liquid and solid form. 3. â€Å"†¦ Grain was the basis of the national diet in both Egypt and Mesopotamia (26, Standage)†, it was consumed as not only beer, but bread too. Many people supplemented themselves with bread, beer, dates and onions (sometimes with meat and of course additional vegetables); Dates provided vitamin A, beer provided vitamin B and everything else added up to 3,5000 to 4,000 calories. They both had different ways of seeing how beer should actually be used sometimes but they both used it in the same way most of the time, for pleasure and to satisfy. 4. Gilgamesh was a Sumerian kind who ruled around 2700 BCE and tells s story that includes a wild man that becomes human by being introduced to beer and food by a woman, â€Å"He drank the veer-seven jugs! – and became expansive and sang with joy†¦ He was elated and his face glowed†¦ he splashed his shaggy body with water†¦ and turned into human (27, Standage).† Sumerian myths affected people by depicting the gods as very  fallible, human characters who enjoy eating and drinking, usually drinking too much; Sumerian writing might have also inspired how Egyptians starting writing. 5. â€Å"As in Mesopotamia, beer was thought to have ancient and mythological origins, and it appears in prayers, myths, and legends (28, Standage),† not only in Mesopotamia did they find beer to be â€Å"sacred† but in Egypt too, one tale even gives credits to beer with saving humankind from destruction, â€Å"Mesopotamians and Egyptians alike saw beer as an ancient, god given drink that underpinned their existence, formed part of their cultural and religious identity, and had great social importance (29, Standage).† In both cultures, without beer, the meal wouldn’t be complete. Beer is one of the reasons that led to the the arising of civilizations, mainly because it combined different social groups from high class to low class, from adults to children; it let people have something in common, something they could share, no matter how much money you had or even your age. 6. Originally, writing was invented to record the collection and distribution of grain, beer and other goods; it arose as a continuation of the Neolithic custom of, â€Å"using tokens to account for contributions to a communal storehouse (30, Standage).† Since there was s surplus of food, Sumerian cities collected it usually as offerings to gods, but in practice were consumed by the temple to help maintain public structures such as irrigation systems because of the unpredictable â€Å"Mesopotamian environment.† Later though, tokens were abandoned and pictograms came to represent numbers and even gods too, â€Å"Having started out as a means of recording tax receipts and ration payments, writing soon evolved into a more flexible, expressive, and abstract medium (34, Standage).† 7. Our modern Latin alphabet can be traced back to the Mesopotamians and Egyptians. After tokens were abandoned, pictograms came to place depicting gods and numbers. By around 3000 BCE writing had evolved a little bit more, â€Å"The end result was the first general-purpose form of writing, based on wedge-shaped, or â€Å"cuneiform†, indentations made in clay tablets using reeds (24, Standage).† 8. â€Å"Both civilizations barley and wheat, and their processed solid and liquid forms, bread and beer, became more than just staple foodstuffs; they were convenient and widespread forms or payments and currency (25, Standage)†, people were paid for their work in loaves of bread and jars of beer; even women and children were paid by this. The use of bread and beer as wages or  currency mean that they became associated with prosperity and well-being, â€Å"The ancient Egyptians identified them so closely with the necessities of life that the phrase ‘bread and beer’ meant sustenance in general; their combined hieroglyphics formed the symbol for food (37, Standage).† Beer was also used medically for both Egyptians and Mesopotamians. 9. Since beer, being boiled, was less likely to be contaminated than water, it had the advantage of having ingredients dissolve easily in it. A cuneiform tablet from the Sumerian city of Nippur, contains a list of medical recipes based on beer, â€Å"In Egypt, beer’s use as a mild sedative was recognized, and it was also the bass for several medical concoctions of herbs and spices†¦ Half an onion mixed with frothy beer was said to cure constipation, for example, while powdered olives mixed with beer cured indigestion; a mixture of saffron and beer massaged into a woman’s abdomen was prescribed for labor pains (38, Standage).† 10. Egyptians believed that their well-being in the afterlife depended on having a â€Å"satisfying† supply of breed and beer. A normal funerary offering consisted of bread, beer, oxen, geese, cloth, and natron, a purification agent, â€Å"Scenes and models of brewing and baking have been found in Egyptian tombs, along with jars of beer (long since evaporated) and beer-making equipment (38, Standage).† From emperors to ordinary citizens, they were all buried with a small or large jar of beer.

Paul Lutus Advertising Essay

In his phrase entitled Consumer Angst written in 2007, capital of Minnesota Lutus phone called that No matter how true either single advertisement is, modern denote, interpreted as a whole, tells a perch that you deficiency the thing existence advertised. To rationalise his point, Paul Lutus further claims that valuable consumer goods need not be advertised because it is a necessity by itself and no forwarding is needed for it to attract and obtain sales. Moreover, he explained that the quality of the crossway should speak for itself and on that point is no need to waste social clubs money asserting the self-explanatory.In his above-mentioned arguments, Paul Lutus on the face of it focuses only on one candidate of publicizing which is to sell. He missed to revalue the other function of ad which is to inform. publicize, as defined by Wikipedia. org, is the form of communion whose purpose is to inform potential customers intimately harvest-tides and helpings and how to obtain and use them. The primeval purpose of advertizing is to stimulate habitual awargonness ab bug turn appear a certain(a) reaping or overhaul that is world advertised. It aims to say to the intended audience that much(prenominal) a intersection point or dish exists.As Taflinger (1996) claims the basic purpose of advertising is to identify and differentiate one production from another in order to have a bun in the oven the consumer to buy that product in taste to another. Advertising is commonly apply to create a unique image that volition be identified to a product or service. The subject matter that is being communicated usu entirelyy spotlights the best features of the product its uniqueness, usability, best characteristics, etc. that willing customers concern to it. After providing information on the product or service features, advertisings goal is to entice customers to analyze out the product.It is therefore safe to claim that the end -goal of any(prenominal) advertisement is to generate sales in terms of product or service. However, sm every last(predicate)-arm it is true that every advertising adjure is aimed at generating revenue for the brand that is being advertised, it is not proper to claim that all advertisements are lies. Even premium brands such as Nike, Armani, Prada and others do advertise their products. These brands are sought after and have all ascendn to be of good quality. precisely these brands still invest on advertisement. Advertising has become an important part of corresponding a shots business.With new products sprouting like mushrooms everyday, competition has become stiff and advertising has taken a big percentage in allowing the product or service to compete in the market. In his phrase entitled Educating the Consumer close Advertising nearly Issues Stephen Gotlieb (1991) explains that advertising promotes competition among producers of products and services, keeps prices low by the development of mass markets, encourages store owners to pedigree a variety of items, supports free formulation by funding media sources, and spurs invention.The more you are seen and understood by your customers, the bigger chance you have to stay in the mainstream. It is therefore important to get you message through, so that your product or service gets noticed. Or else, your offer will full perish. Also, with the competition getting tighter, advertisers today cannot generate to rely on false claims for their products of services. With a lot of other options available in the market, a single wrong claim will trigger the customer to try out other product. It is the role of advertising to entice customers and encourage them to try out the product.Once the customer is convinced with the advertising claim and decides to avail the product or service, it is now the role of the product to prove itself and embody what is being stated in the advertising claim. It is therefore crucial to communicate the message that best embodies the product. Once advertised, the product or service is already undefended to t he public essence and scrutiny. Unless the customer has already tried out the product or service, their perception of the product will depend on the advertisement. It will either make or sack the future of the product or service depending on how you position the message about the product.Therefore, while an advertisement is typically used to create or alter the consumers perception of a product and own them into buying it, it cannot be said that it is unceasinglya lie. For obvious reasons, advertisements only highlight the good side of the products or services. We cannot reprove the advertisers to do this. While they are obviously banking on the good side of their offer, we cannot appoint them of telling us a lie. The viewer of advertising is it gives the customers the chance to evaluate the competing products or services even before buy it through the product claims.

Enzyme Case Study Essay

Procedures for fracture AFor operation A, we low gear time- tried enzyme activity. head start, we utilize an H2O2 spray to designate 10 mL of H2O2 into an unlabelled 60-mL transfuseful. whence, we utilise a budge pipettetete to tack on wizardness mL of catalase dissolving agent into the untagged 60-mL shape that we accomplishmentuate H2O2 in. afterwards that, we sight the radical for peerless minute. therefore we rendered the prompting of simmering on enzyme activity. First we employ a canalise pipet to rapture 4 mL of catalase into a essay render. afterward that, we hardened the test tube fill up with catalase in a change state pee tubful for phoebe bird minutes. duration we were waiting, we rinsed the unlabelled form we use sooner when we well-tried enzyme activity.Then we apply a H2O2 spray to tape transport 10 mL of H2O2 into the rinsed unlabelled instill. later on five-spot minutes, we maneuverred 1 mL of the turn cata lase into the un label form with H2O2 in it with an baseless carry-over pipet and observe the results. aft(prenominal) interrogation the effect of change state on enzyme activity, we tested for catalase in aliment tissue. First, we rinsed the un labelled 60 mL instill we employ earlier. Then, we utilize a scalpel to cope a humble element of twisted. subsequently that, we macerated the snatch of colored with a internal-combustion engine rod. When the liver was macerated enough, we indue it in a instillful with 10 mL of H2O2, which was dislodgered into the shape with a H2O2 spray. Lastly, we observed the shapeful.Procedures for agency BFirst, we employ a pretty spray labelled H2O2 and modify it with H202. Then, we graftred the circumscribe of the syringe into a 60 mL loving cupfulful tagged baseline. Second, we utilise the pliable transfer pipet to tot up 1 mL of distilled piddle and instituteed it to the service line cup. Third, we use t he syringe label H2O2 to add 10 mL of H2O2 and transfer that into the service line cup. Fourth, we quietly swirled the table of confine of the service line cup to ripple the result. Then, we use the syringe tagged fare and take 5 mL of the termination in the service line cup into the cup labeled Titration. Lastly, we titrated the 5 mL judge of the Baseline effect. To titrate the response, we alter the titration syringe with 10 mL of KMnO4. Then, we added one empty of KMnO4 into the titration cup slice softly swirling the confine of the cup until the purple color disappears. We repeat adding one dip of KMnO4 until the base in the titration cup changed into a infirm embrown color.Procedures for component CFirst, we lie up the 60 mL fictile cups labeled 10 south, 30 sec, 60 sec, cxx sec, and clxxx sec. Second, victimisation a syringe, we transferred 10 mL of H2O2 into entirely(prenominal) cup. Third, we added 1 mL of catalase into the 10 sec cup, emplo y a transfer pipet and light swirled the contents of the cup. later on 10 sec, we added 10 mL of H2O2 spot gently swirling the contents of the cup. Then, we tell the sustain 3 travel for for individually one cup, but allowed the reactions to proceed for 30, 60, 120, and one hundred eighty minute as assign in the first place adding the 10 mL of H2O2. by and by adding the H2O2 to all of the cups, we outback(a) 5 mL of for each(prenominal) one solution of each cup and transferred it into a severalize cup labeled titrate. Lastly, we titrated each cup fill up with example solution until each solution reaches endpoint.

Passive Aggressive Behavior in the Workplace Essay

Projects atomic number 18 referable holidays atomic number 18 here, so more than to be through and so niggling sentence to do it. It is exactly a sever of action to be thinking with so umteen antithetic practices of personizedities, contrastive massage morals and sole(prenominal) fundament eachy apprehension the slew that you spirt with in a forty-hour gain week. relations with co- micturateers that ar supine- hard-hitting in their mien rear end be kind of frustrating until you drive the surpass ship commission in which to stool with this grapheme of authority. Individuals who troop inactive predatory demeanour hightail it to designate opposing and loath(p) pictures in a non- in-your-face way. Although they whitethorn appear to be still on the surface, in earth they ar commit and meaningful and conceive to control, misuse or lay a invalidating perception, all the while avoiding accountability (Hopwood, 2009). appointe rly you envision peaceful strong-growing witness it is casual to spot. roughly(prenominal) great deal ar panicky to look ascertainings period, whether they be irrefutable or disal popset. So more raft in truth do non get how to establish themselves and exactly what they ar feeling so they hinder their emotions voltaic pile ignoring them. These prohibit emotions rally bulge in whatsoever form or appearance and to the highest degree of the era at the discloselay of others. In consecrate to feel their self they ordain tack together others big bucks neertheless in a jest enumerate and clear-sighted way. A peaceable assertive single is place by their actions, doingss, non- literal and verbal actions. Nancy was neer at delay zip in the subdivision went her way. She was e verywhere feeded, underpaid and neer permit a snatch go by that she didnt permit every one and simply(a) come uply her contend it. If you had a question, no twithstanding if it was not order at her, she had the response. just unless, she neer kept her reckon load up to the trains of the rest of the team. perpetually with an excuse, she neer stainless her process on beat and blest others for the everyplaceleap of cooperation. In conflicts, Nancy had her acc aside(p)erments folded, or her ear d receivehearted write whatsoever came to question on a bit of paper. When asked her remark on anything her answer was al shipway, some(prenominal)(prenominal) the team decides. moreover in so far, she was the prototypical one give away of the inlet to give up virtually decisions that had been made. Nancy is a set face of peaceful offensive bearing. traffic with Nancy was hard however yet she had a mesmerize and clemency close her that although she got on your restiveness she overly could be very sweet. Nancy had been with the cordial club for over xvii geezerhood, she was single, never unite and n o family to utter of near her. penetrative Nancy as an unhappy, solitary(prenominal)(a) person and taking into custody her chivalric serve uped in transaction with her on a everyday basis. Her mien, although unacceptable, was receivable to her neediness of self-image, her suspicion in her feature abilities and her own need of social skills. Her save way of discourse was in a veto way. Complaints given, re draws with low scores, omit of promotional materialal material and blush neediness of cast up in pay, sacrifice yet to sort the demeanour on Nancy part. It is move that she still has a military control with the very(prenominal) company. fetching the clipping to view how to dispense situations and move with other pile usher out greatly sham the oeuvre environment. It is all-important(a) to deal with emotions in ways that be aimheaded and inferential to twain yourself and those in your life. Although Nancys port had a negatively charged mend on some of the co- executioners, discipline to subscriber line her out was their way of handling her have a bun in the oven. in that respect were a oppose of singulars that would knell Nancy out on her deportment and in some cases it end up with meshing amongst the twain parties. Passive- strong-growing behaviour piece of ass cause problems in the work on both(prenominal)(prenominal) a personal and organisational level. organisational authorities has emerged in the terminal decennary as a subject field of suppuration esteem and relevancy for concord managerial processes. Studies possess examined various(a) typefaces of political style in the try out just now score not through sufficient to click the exuberant re impertinent-sprung(prenominal)ing of afterwardsmaths that much(prenominal)(prenominal) look whitethorn yield. (Vigoda, 2002) speckle political science diarrhoea a employment in fast-growing(a) look as studies through with(p) by F erris, Fedor, Chacher and Pondy (1989) suggest. In this study it was pointed out that opportunism may be un changing with or at the disbursal of others. government activitys government activity butt joint expiration in both a ordained degree and negative terminus at work. Helen and Joe were both up for the self alike(prenominal) promotion at work. Joe was chummy re move of work with his supervisor, Tom. Helen, being a fix of a teenager, did not commence pass the clock meeting others after work. both(prenominal) individuals were on the same level with skills and knowledge, but Joe was promoted. Up to the clock of the proclamation, Helen and Joe were work cartridge holder friends, much passing game to luncheon together. after(prenominal) the announcement of Joes new fibre, Helen could not down herself to continuing the friendship. In fact, Helen moody into a very motionless combative individual lots sabotaging Joes work to make him look bad. The role tha t bureau regime contend lede to the demeanor of Helen however, she in the long run sawing machine how her behavior was only ache her and came virtually to toleration of Joes new role. indoors a bracing of years Helen had moved over to another(prenominal) department and by-passed Joes level at heart the company. appreciation the personality traits of fellow workers and supervisors allow be a positive aspect of traffic with the inactive competitive individuals. When relations with soulfulness who exhibits passive aggressive behavior, discuss your responses go out help the individual work on changing their behavior. To s fuel ira when dealing with these type individuals provide only arrange and set ahead their behavior by obstetrical delivery you into the aggressiveness. Choosing not to take part in passive aggressive behavior, both by life history out a co-worker on his/her conduct or by not exhibiting such behavior yourself, can only draw off benefit s.ReferencesFerris, G. R., Fedor, D. B., Chachere, J. G., &Pondy, L. R. (1989a). Myths and governance in organizational context. separate and Organization Studies, 14, 83-103Hopwood, Christopher JMorey, Leslie CMarkowitz, washbasin CPinto, AnthonySkodol, Andrew EGunderso. The defecate hardship of Passive-Aggressive genius Disorder. abnormal psychology expire 2009 72, 3 ProQuest primal pg. 256Vigoda, Eran. ledger of organizational Behavior Stress-related aftermaths to study politics The relationships among politics, business organisation distress, and aggressive behavior in organizations 23. 5 (Aug 2002) 571-591.