Utopianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Utopianism - Essay ExampleGerman intellectuals hold in (and hating) the loosely organized Bund provided much of the vocabulary for nationalism, stating that each nation had a particular Volksgeist, or national spirit. They strongly advocated a fierce wave of patriotism. Soon, virtually every European language convention wanted to have their own nation. Quickly outlawed by reactionary forces, nationalist groups formed mystery story societies such as the Italian Carbonari and German Buschenschaft. These societies distributed propaganda leaflets and plotted rebellions which later formed a very master(prenominal) part of literature. Often, nationalism combined with other ideological issues, from liberalism to socialism. A natural outcome of Nationalism was Radicalism. Radicalism appeared almost simultaneously in the 1820s in England as the Philosophical Radicals. They were a principled and unconventional group and consisted part of workers and partially of industrialists. Their gre atest leader was Jeremy Bentham. The Radicals were against the church and anti-monarchy. They were generally opposed to traditional ways. They were a force by themselves until 1832, after which they merged with the British Liberals. The European counterpart to Radicalism was usually referred to as Republicanism, which grew out of the French ultra tradition. Republicanism sought complete political equality in the form of universal suffrage. Republicanism also opposed monarchy and the Catholic Church.

Argument Related to Family and Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argument related to to Family and Identity - Essay Exampleof the immediate function which start with the family we are in, that is passed to the extended family as angiotensin converting enzyme has to borrow much from them as we interact. The school is another institution that plays a key role in defining the indistinguishability of a more or lessone. It is at the school that one makes important decisions in life that tally his life and therefore heads one to a given social class. The interaction with other students in any case plays a key role in unleashing ones potential and bringing out the new identity one has to adopt. This evidence will therefore look at the building of my identity and why I am the person I am today.The person I am today is the product formed after interacting with some(prenominal) people. I puzzle therefore inherited or gained many aspects from various people and I cannot business office all my characters to a single person. Starting with the biolog ical self, I must inherit some characteristics from my parents which is also inherited from my ancestors. This defines many of my characters and perceptions on top of various biological aspects such as height, complexion, race etc. Biological identity links me to my family. This places me in a family and so I get my first identity which includes a name that links me to my family. Every tyke is introduced in a family set up which is his or her first source of identity. That is the reason most kids adopt the habits that they see being practiced in the place where they are. This is also important introducing a child to a certain social class. If the parents are well financially, the child will live a good life and therefore he will not have an idea of how people live in financial constraints.Upon being born I was therefore united to my nuclear family and later to the extended family. This simple society has the codes they follow and the norms the do. This are the ideologies I held t o first and of which some I still retain. However, as one grows up, he starts to question some of the ideologies the ancestors or the elder

Principles of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Law - Essay ExampleDoctrine of Judicial Precedence This doctrine is based on the principle of stare decisis which simply means to stand by what has been decided and do non faze the established (Dernbach and Richard 1981, p.35). The decision is based on two principles, ratio decidendi and obiter dictum, which means the reason for the judgment and different things, said pertaining to the case respectively. It is important to dismantle that, though the obiter might not be part of the judgment, notwithstanding it outhouse be used in early judgments because of its coaxing nature (Knoops 2005, p.2). Original precedence sit themselves in the nature that the present case is coming to the court for the first time and the presiding judge does not have the opportunity or chance to look at past decisions to make a decision on a point of law (Rossini 1998, p.34). This is what is known, as reasoning by analogy and the decision do in the case at hand will be stick at future cases. For causa in the case of DPP v Smith (2006), where the defendant had gone to visit her former girlfriend and held her discomfit cutting out her valued hair, the learned magistrate held that it was not actual bodily maltreat resulting out of assault. On appeal, it was held that even if the issue of the hair was to be determined scientifically or medically, the hair above the scalp was still regarded as hair regardless of its nature. The judges therefore decided that this was actual bodily harm and therefore the case provided precedence for future cases. Binding precedence on the other hand or those whereby a case has been made and future judges or the present judge must nominate by it regardless of his or her own opinion. This therefore means that courts in the lower ranks must learn the particular decision regardless of any new issue arising and the cases presented must be similar to the old decision or must have facts that are almost similar to the case at hand. The legal system in England and Wales are such that courts are bound and they must follow the cases and decisions made in the upper or superior courts as the decisions in these cases provide precedents that must be followed in future cases with similar circumstances. These cases must therefore be followed or applied by courts down the hierarchy. It is important to note that magistrates or subordinate courts do not rigid precedent but they must follow the cases set by the superior courts, in this case the House of Lords or the appellate courts (Antoine 2008, p.118). Persuasive precedents are those in which the court decides whether to follow the precedence set or not to follow it. This precedence is not binding to the court and the court can follow them or ignore them depending on the legal principle in the case (Mitchelle and Minel 2003, p.73). These precedents can come from the lower courts or the magistrate courts and only the legal principles present in them can be applied in the up per courts. In R v R 1991, the Court of collecting provided a persuasive precedence for an upper court, the House of Lords holding that a man can be found guilty of rape as against his wife. The Privy Councils in England and Wales are also influential providers of persuasive precedence to the courts of law though the decisions are not as binding as decisions made in a court of law. For example in R v Mohammed 2005,

Shea's One of a Kind Boutique Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Sheas atomic number 53 of a Kind Boutique - Term Paper ExampleFor the success of an nerve, it is highly important that the scheme is structured efficiently. If the overall structure of an organization is effective, there would be a good flow of talk throughout the organization and the overall efficiency of the management would increase. In this organization, supervisory managers ar responsible for the operations of their respective departments and they present the performance reports to the directors. The team of advisors helps the organization sprout out risk assessment right and to operate safely without any legal issues. The team for quality control ensures that all the processes in the organization are operating effectively. This is done by assessing varied processes for their effectiveness. The accountants keep the records of the railway line of the organization. The record keeping organization is completely automated and the accountants ensure that the system is operat ing effectively and in compliance with the financial account standards. Section 3 Business Teams The management of the organization understands the concept of synergy therefore constitution of teams for different tasks is highly encouraged in the organization (Robbins & Judge, 2010). The concept of teams is very frequently applied in the organization. Since the business is of such a nature that it requires so much brainstorming, working in teams is the optimum way to carry out the task. In order to come up with innovative marketing techniques or new ideas for the clothes, teams are formed by the management and they are given the tasks. The group dynamics bring out synergy and the members of a group remain motivated towards completing the task efficiently. The strengths of business teams include motivation, efficient fulfilment of the tasks and origination of innovative ideas. The weaknesses may be the team members may divert from the actual purpose of the formation of the team an d there may be negative dynamic of the group if there is lack of congenialness among the group members. Section 4 Management Philosophy regarding Communication and Organizational Culture The management school of thought regarding

International Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

transnational Economics - Essay ExampleServices sector as it contributes almost 78 percent in U.S economy. If U.S. or for that matter any of the developed countries such as UK, France, Germany, Japan has to increase the international patronage, their voice has to come through the go sector because they are dominant contributors in the GDP. The reasons that services can non be traded as freely as goods can be are attributed to the following. 1. Many services are non-transportable it requires geographic proximity mingled with producer and consumer countries. 2. Many services cannot be mass produced mostly they are tailored as per the geographical needs posing a difficulty in the international trade. 3. Many services go along with the supply of the goods and they cannot be separated to impart the benefits to the consumers. Example is cars imported from Japan or chinaware into US with 3-4 years warranty. Servicing cost is included in the original price. 4. It is difficult to expor t the services from developed countries (U.S) to create countries such as India. The reason is that the cost of producing the services in a developing country is much lower than the cost incurred in developed economies. The glaring example is IT (Information Technology) services outsourced to countries the like India, China where the cost of production is much less. Answer 2. Difficulties in the Balance of Payment (B.O.P) of the U.S in the apply time US is facing Balance of Payment problem since last many years and it is steady increasing from 1 percent in 1995 to almost 8 percent of the GDP now. The reasons for such graduate(prenominal) deficits are many and varied and can be enumerated as per the following. (Riley, Geoff 2006) 1. It is an indication of high consumption with a weaker industrial sector. Consumers are spending beyond their means leading to higher household debt. 2. A trade deficit is in addition an indication of loss of employment and output. It is a net leakage between income and spending. 3. coin value (read $) comes under pressure against other leading currencies and continue to depreciates as deficit continues or rises. This also necessitates an increase in interest rates by the central bank. Answer 3. Compare and contrast the social system of the E.U and the USA (NAFTA). NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is a treaty between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. NAFTA has been operational since 1994. It governs the inviolate North American trade. NAFTA agreement has removed the tariffs between the member countries Mexico, Canada, and U.S for goods shipped between them. This has resulted into the purchase of goods by Mexico in large quantities from U.S. This results into savings for Mexican companies on imports and it saves American company considerably on shipping costs. In contrast, EU has large number of member countries in it fostering similar cooperation among them. The major difference between these two is that EU me mbers trade in a common currency but NAFTA members do not have any common currency. Moreover, EU has its own political charter in contrast to NAFTA who does not have any. Answer 4. Explain Ricardos scheme of trade and compare it to the H-O theory of trade? The theory of comparative advantage is behind the international trade in which both the countries benefit from the trade. Ricardo explained this in his playscript on the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation giving example of England and Portugal. Portugal produces wine and cloth with less dig out compared to England for the

Evaluation of Starbucks in global environment Essay

Evaluation of Starbucks in global environment - Essay typesetters caseStarbucks, named after the first mate in Herman Melvilles Moby Dick, is the worlds leading retailer, roaster and brand of metier coffee with millions of customer visits per week at stores in North America, Europe, Middle East, Latin America and the peace-loving Rim. Starbucks stores may be found in urban and suburban areas, as well as many a nonher(prenominal) rural communities worldwide. An expanded number of Drive Thru and Off-Highway stores also provide a convenient alternative for our customers (Starbucks coffee, 2008).Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment - primarily through its company-operated retail stores. In addition to gross revenue through our company-operated retail stores, Starbucks sells whole bean coffees thr ough a specialty sales group and supermarkets. Additionally, Starbucks produces and sells bottled Frappuccino coffee drink and a line of premium ice creams through its joint supposition partnerships and offers a line of innovative premium teas produced by its wholly owned subsidiary, Tazo Tea Company. The Companys objective is to stimulate Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world (Starbucks.com).Starbucks is dedicated to contributing positively to the communities in which it does business. The company recognizes the relationship between its success and the strength and vitality of the communities where it operates. Investing in communities is not only the right thing to do it is also part of the Starbucks culture. At all levels of the organization, Starbucks partners strive to be good neighbors and active contributors in communities (Starbucks coffee, 2008).In spring 1995, Frappuccino blended beverage was introduced to Starbucks line of beverages. In spen d 2004, Starbucks premiered Frappuccino Light blended coffee beverages in response to

Isolation and identification of unknown bacteria Lab Report

Isolation and identification of unknown bacteria - Lab Report ExampleWe used standardised procedures in the process of cultivation of bacetia. We received pure culture of unknown organism. Using Bunsen burner the interlace was sterilized by heating the entire wire into the blaze up of the burner until it glows with bright red or chromatic color and afterwards the loop topologying was left to cool. The culture of uknown bacteria was held in inoculation tube in a form of liquid culture and the inoulation tube was soaked with sterile cap.. We maintained aseptic conditions during the handling of the culture. During the whole process the caps and the tubes were held in hand were not allowed to be contaminated by contacting the table or other source of environmental bacteria. The openings of the inoculation tube was sterilized by impatient with the Bunsen burner twice in order to avoid contamination with environmental bacteria. With the cooled loop, carfully not to touch the sid es of the tube we collected nonpareil loop of material and after that the edges of the tube were again burned with flame from the Bunsen burner and the caps were put . The loop was then inoculated on two separate TSA plates. The lid of the plates was undefendable with free hand and the material was seed with gentle strokes of the loop using T streak order in order to allow best contidions for growth. The lid was then put back on the plates and the loop was again sterilized by burning until glowing bright red on the Bunsen burner. ... erilized by heating the entire wire into the flame of the burner until it glows with bright red or orange color and afterwards the loop was left to cool. The culture of uknown bacteria was held in inoculation tube in a form of liquid culture and the inoulation tube was sealed with sterile cap.. We maintained aseptic conditions during the handling of the culture. During the whole process the caps and the tubes were held in hand were not allowed to be contaminated by contacting the table or other source of environmental bacteria. The openings of the inoculation tube was sterilized by burning with the Bunsen burner twice in order to avoid contamination with environmental bacteria. With the cooled loop, carfully not to touch the sides of the tube we collected one loop of material and after that the edges of the tube were again burned with flame from the Bunsen burner and the caps were put . The loop was then inoculated on two separate TSA plates. The lid of the plates was opened with free hand and the material was seeded with gentle strokes of the loop using T streak method in order to allow optimal contidions for growth. The lid was then put back on the plates and the loop was again sterilized by burning until glowing bright red on the Bunsen burner. grand stain For completing the Gram stain we needed Gram stain reagents (crystal violet, Grams iodine, 95% ethyl alcohol, and safranin), microscope slides and bacterial cultures. In preparation of the Gram stain asepttci principles were used. Inocultion loop was sterilized by burning on a Bunsen burner until bright red color appeared. Five loop of the unknown colony were placed on a microscope slide and the material was sread even on the surface of the slide. The material was left to air-dry and live temperature. After this

Proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

purpose - Dissertation ExampleIt will also be necessary to present a description of the record of Saudi-Arabian Arabia, centring on whether it is a secular state or a fundamentalist state, and whether or not the people enjoy the liberty of speech and press, as this reveals whether a domain is broad-minded in whirl basic rights to its people. It is important to recognise the issues arising from the shaping of news content in the print media, particularly newspapers, of the Saudi Kingdom. Thus, the research will end by suggesting a profound solution to the identified problems. Justification word provides us with information on every aspect of life, and can relate to individuals or entire nations of people. Thus, the freedom of press and speech has always been a controversial and debatable issue, particularly in a country like Saudi Arabia, which is an important and influential Islamic state governed by a dictatorship regime. newsworthiness coverage in an Islamic state goes throu gh and through diverse filters, especially if related to terrorism, extremism or anformer(a)(prenominal) controversial topics. This compels the states to take extra measures in relation to how they want to portray their image in the media, some(prenominal) locally and, in particular, internationally. Thus, the media in Saudi Arabia does not enjoy the freedom of press, like any other country in the Middle East, mainly due to government pressure. The news presented to the audience in these countries goes through a substantial amount of processing, screening and editing before being delivered. Eventually, the common people sometimes only acquire a limited amount of information based on the actual reality. contempt the obstacles, journalists and reporters in Saudi Arabia strive to provide the bitter truth to the people. Their job is tough due to various factors and issues, notably the strict regulations and the scrutiny of print media that influences the publishing and shaping of n ews in Saudi Arabia. In response to these regulations, most newspapers in Saudi Arabia are looking to increase their transparency and credibility with the benefactor of international groups including CASTOR (Circulation Audit Steering Organisation). This is a joint venture of the GCC Advertisers Business Group, the IAA (International ad Association) and the Media Agencies Council, formed in the UAE in 2005 with the goal of promoting the adoption of circulation auditing so to increase transparency and credibility in the print media industry. Given all this information, it is clear that the research question offers a great deal of scope. literary works Review The Saudi Arabian media system is underpinned by its particular history, just like that of any other country. The modern state of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 after the capture of Mecca and four Arabian states by Ibn Saud, who went on to unite the entire region under the rule of the Saud family with the support of the Saudi tribes, merchants and the religious leaders while declaring himself King. However, the longevity and stability of the Kingdom is a result of its oil income, which has enabled the monarchy to deliver benefits to all sectors. musical composition Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy with no written secular constitution. The Kingdom has rejected the imposition of such a

Real World Quadratic Functions Speech or Presentation

Real World Quadratic Functions - Speech or Presentation ExampleIn unlike applications every individual is interested in searching for the maximum and minimum encourage. The maximum value of the uncertain that is dependent should be the 2nd coordinate of the vertex in the graph which shows a parabola that opens downward, whereas the minimum value of the variable that is dependent should the 2nd coordinate of the vertex in a graph which shows a parabola that opens upwardly (Carson, Gillespie, & Jordan, 2010).This is important for the film director beca affair it provides information to him/her about the maximum or minimum profit. In the given shield the graph shows the manger that how many of the clerks are required to attain the maximum profit. This graph also helps the autobus in creating a relationship between the number of clerks and the profit earned and from that relation he or she can determine the ideal situation that is required for getting maximum profit, Whereas in cas e if the manager can non attain the ideal situation he or she can use the graph and can use it to find out the maximum number that he or she can attain. If ideal conditions are not met then the manager cannot achieve the maximum

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

ART - Essay ExampleThe Gothic style of artifice was experienced from 12th to the sixteenth century and was mostly related to architecture.Ancient art is a term used to depict the assorted artifacts produced by difference cultures and the societies of the ancient periods. These forms of arts were not in written format but were in visual format such as sculptures and painting and architecture. The ancient art produced by the Egyptians was related to devotion as they were very religious people and their art reflected different Gods and situations experienced by Gods. Art construct produced by the Greek during ancient times mostly comprised of architecture, poetry and sculpture, they had various forms and styles of arts including Classical and obsolescent styles of art. It is a myth and a common believe that Roman copied Greek art but their art was very different and much advanced than Greek art. They used their art to depict great events such as wars and victories of

Ritz Carlton Case Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ritz Carlton Case Studies - undertake ExampleIn Malaysia, McBride, the general manager, introduced the practice of extending a welcome to passengers at the airport by large discount coupons and mimosas, amongst others, not to mention the presence of a fully furnished room of Ritz-Carlton in the airport. entirely these were totally novel and unique concepts of marketing that go on to fortify the hotels image as a leader in the realm of customer care. (1)Another vital factor contributing towards the hotels success story is the tremendous amount of importance that is accorded to people associated it both employees and also the customers. The consistent fruit of any organization is heavily dependent on the manner in which the people associated with it are treated. This in truth factor is all the more relevant for entities operating in the sphere of hospitality. It is the firm conviction of Ritz-Carlton that when a customer stays in its premises, for the entire duration, the hotel is the home for them. Hence, the hotels 7 Day Countdown Orientation schedule for impertinently recruits is predominantly aimed at making them fully understand the relevance of this concept. One of the first precepts communicated to the new employees is We all are ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemen. This speaks volumes about the friendly and amicable treatment that Ritz-Carlton gives to its employees. Additionally, it is in this very companionable atmosphere that the skills of the employees are honed, ensuring that they run the extra mile in addressing the all-important aspect of customer service. furthermost but not the least, the various things inclusive in the orientation program such as The Credo, The Employee shout out and The Twenty Basics, to cite a few, go a long way in making certain(p) that employee efficiency would invariably lead to customer satisfaction. (1)At this juncture, it would be worthwhile to understand as to what in reality is being sold by Ri tz-Carlton. The answer to that resulting from a mere

Differences Between Rural and Urban Emergency Medical Services Essay

Differences between Rural and Urban Emergency Medical Services - Essay ExampleFrontier areas are the nearly sparsely populated areas of the United States. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, this area covers about 56% of the land and 3% of the U.S. creation, and includes outlandish farm land, natural resources, national parks, and military installations (2000 Update, 2002). There are more miles of rural roads than each other type of roadway in the United States, and it is on these roads that around 60% of terminal accidents occur. In keeping with the 60% fatality figure, rural is defined as anything bordering population centers of 5,000 or little (Complexity, 2004).The challenge for EMS in responding to a crash scene becomes greater in rural areas because of geography, distances, and budget constraints. The calling Safety Center reports that, on average, the rural area EMS response prison terms come dangerously reason out to exceeding that critical window of opportunity beyon d which mortality rates rise drastically (Complexity, 2004, par. 19). This expiration of time is known as the Golden Hour, and the ability of EMS to arrive at the scene in time becomes a factor in whether a fatality occurs.Comparing urban and rural EMS is difficult because of differing urban-rural population characteristics and roles for rural ambulance teams. A comparison of services in Nebraska, for instance (Stripe & Susman, 1991) showed a higher percentage of venerable in the rural county, almost twice that of the urban area. Similar advanced life support measures were use in both rural and urban areas. In North Dakota, an assessment made between 1999-2001 (Rural Emergency, 2002) showed that EMS in rural areas were experiencing significant problems due to1. Sparse populations over large geographic areas.2. State and local governments in rural areas with lower capacity for funding through taxes.3. Rural economies having difficulty maintaining and upgrading services.4. Dependenc y of rural EMS on volunteer personnel, not always fully trained or sufficiently available.Third party payers such(prenominal) as Medi distribute tend to view EMS as a tran playation service, not a medical care service. Although the public has been aware of EMSs medical capabilities since the early 1970s, many third party payers continue to be incognizant of them after 30 years of EMS successes (Emergency Future Challenges, 2006).Accelerating Factors Affecting EMSThe safety net of the EMS is further affected by an aging population, increased number of automobile injuries and an explosion of crime-related injuries in metropolitan areas. . . . and injuries from farm, industrial and outdoor sport accidents have overburdened EMS systems in rural areas (Chang et al, 2001, par. 1). Reliance on volunteers in rural areas is far greater than in urban areas and the volunteer pool is becoming depleted. Primary revenue streams for EMS are fees for service (Medicare, Medicaid, individual(a) ins urance, private pay, and special services contracts. EMS is largely a locally financed enterprise, and financing of rural and frontier EMS is a picky problem because of low volume of calls in relationship to overhead costs of full-time preparedness (Center for Health, 2001). national and state level education resources

Summary paper on The Article Power and The Tiny Acts of Rebellion By Essay

compendious paper on The Article Power and The Tiny Acts of Rebellion By Chris Hedges found on truthdig.com - sample ExampleAccordingly, the electoral process has been hijacked by corporations the judiciary has become corrupted, the press reckless, the universities hopeless, labor unions marginal and unavailing forces, economy tainted by swindlers and speculators. Worst of all, the general public is captivated by electronic hallucinations and it ashes passive and supine to the miserable quandary of the democracy. Thus, Chris Hedges establishes that the power structure within the democratic process in the nation is left with no tools to fight against the unrestricted corporate plunder. (Hedges, 1) In a reflective interpreting of the article Power and the Tiny Acts of Rebellion by Chris Hedges, it becomes lucid that the author deals with one of the most clever issues in the socio-economic and political spheres of the nation, i.e. the overruling role of the unobstructed corporate power over the power structure within the democracy.

Customer Driven Quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

customer Driven Quality - Research Paper pillowcaseOne of the driving factors for this trend is the impact of competition (Burrill and Ledolter, 1999, pg. 523). The second major factor is the ISO 9000 system of standards. These standards reserve a baseline by which processes and organizations atomic number 18 checked. The organizations strive to achieve certification as a mold of approval. The final factor is caliber awards. Companies compete to earn the highly visible quality awards. Not simply do these awards make a statement about the organization, but these needs will have leverage in marketing campaigns (Burrill and Ledolter, 1999, pg. 523).The major factors that help define the value of quality have been presented. The next mannikin is to tie these factors to customer satisfaction. Greater levels of competition provide a catalyst to force companies to keep amend products or inspection and repairs. Consumers can generally choose from one of many companies to meet needs . One way for a company to keep customers is to provide a much greater level of satisfaction. The manufacturing diligence will be used to illustrate this example.Automotive manufacturing is a $484 billion industry (Yahoo Finance, 2007). Quality plays a major fictional character in the success of this business. According to industry data Toyota is currently at the top of the market capitalization with $228.3 billion. Toyota takes both employees and customer seriously when it comes to satisfaction. Toyota vehicles be in the top five in both the Midsize railcar Initial Quality and Midsize Car Reliability awards from JD Power (JD Power, 2007). These examples of quality awards and the financial standing in the industry provide evidence of Toyotas value of quality being important.Consumer trends show the importance of fuel expeditious vehicles that are still safe and fun to drive. Industry trends cited record-level gas prices for the beginning of the trend toward more fuel efficient vehicles. The forecast for the 2006 model year showed Japanese Big Three (Honda, Nissan, and Toyota) continuing to capture market shares. Customer needs were being met by these companies. Fuel efficient and hybrid vehicles were being manufactured with attention to quality (Edmunds, 2007). The manufacturers spotted the trend and produced quality vehicles that met the customers needs. Toyota maintains quality at all levels of the company. This method allows Toyota to garner the best gossip from every employee. Special attention is paid to Toyotas methods for gathering input from all employees. Toyota receives 4,000,000 ideas from its 80,000 employees. Since over 95% are implemented, this is over forty-six implemented ideas per employee per year (Wadsworth, Stephens, and Godfrey, 2002, pg. 92). Toyota leverages the knowledge each employee gains while performing job functions. This allows for a close check to be kept on the quality of the products being manufactured.StephService compa nies lose millions of dollars when failures stupefy repetitive. The failures result in redesign costs, liabilities, and transaction costs (Free Quality, 2007). Much of the business lost as a result of failures is the most serious cost and causes customer defection. The task that service companies must provide is error-free services. Error-free service becomes challenging due to subjective

CRIMINAL JUSTICE JURY MOST RELAIBLE FOR DETERMINING GUILT OR Essay

CRIMINAL JUSTICE instrument panel MOST RELAIBLE FOR DETERMINING GUILT OR INNOCENCE, LEGAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT JURIES DECISIONS, ARE THEIR DECISIONS RELIABLE AND VALID, - Essay practice session(King, 1999) This was the only right that was agreed unanimously by the twelve participating states. Accordingly the trial venire acquired veto power everyplace the law and became more powerful than any government official such as Judges. An appeals court in the joined States described the power of a jury unreviewable and irreversible over that of a trail judge. (Jurors Handbook)The jury system has become wizard of the most important aspects of criminal procedures in many countries, though the procedures adopted differ from res publica to country and even within a country as is evident in the United States, nevertheless, the jury is perceive to bring in certain attri butes of the communities to bear. In Australia, the jury list is made up of people who had been elected from randomly fro m the electoral rolls,2 same for the United States, where potential jurors argon now randomly selected by a computer using electoral or drivers licenses records. (Doyle, 2004)The duties of a jury are to asses only the facts of a case in reaching a verdict, but there are certain factors that affect the conduct or predisposition of any potential or chosen juror. Juries can be influenced by the Judges, attorneys, defendants, their particular lifestyles and beliefs and many other possible factors. Various studies conducted generate shown that jurors could be influenced beyond the scope of narrate by a defendants attributes e.g. race, status or sex. For example, in one of the studies conducted,(Decaire, n.a.) white and black male subjects were exposed to cases with defendants and victims of varied races, it was observed that in cases involving white victims the white subjects (jurors) showed bias, placing high guilt against black defendants accused of crimes against white people, thus showing that jury recommendations can be influenced by their individual stereotype of crime and the alleged criminal. Judge decisions. Judicial influence over any jury trial is as important as the role the jurors play. Though it is the members of the jury who return the guilty or innocent verdict, the powers of a presiding judge also stops him to prevent the introduction of illegal evidence or argument by counsels in support of both prosecution and defences. Judges do not tell jurors what to deduce from the evidence presented to them, but they have powers to prevent the jurors from hearing any evidence deemed not suitable to achieving a upright trial. For instance, if a jury is presiding over a rape case, the sitting judge might not allow the jury hear evidence of the rape victims past sexual history. This is to prevent the jurors being influenced by facts external the present case. Psychological or expert witness.The role of expert-witness in the criminal justice system is a pe rson who has some special training or experience in a criminal behavioural area and can help the judge, lawyers and the juries arrive at the truth in the judicial process. (Yablonsky, 1998) Most of these experts are however paid consultants and present evidence that advance the case of their clients. They are therefore mostly perceived as hired guns and their credibility questioned. Recently in the UK, Professor Sir Roy Meadows name was struck off the

Informactics Nurse Specialists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informactics Nurse Specialists - Essay ExampleTheir scope of practice spreads from operational to strategic planning. They ar the link betwixt the nursing and culture brass departments (ANA, 2011). INSs collect data for patient care, access culture needed for providing nursing services and implement policies to ensure confidentiality, privacy and security of data. An INS combines clinical expertise and information processing expertise for the efficient and successful interpretation and use of health information technologies (ANA, 2011). An INS is responsible for designing, implementing and training with count to information systems within the nursing department. He is too responsible for the departments informational needs and conducts predilection programs for new nurses, physicians and ancillary staff (ANA, 2011). He maintains policies and procedures about the hospitals medical information system and updates the staff on design and use of the order entry, results reporting a nd new program functions (Saba & McCormick, 1996). The most satisfying benefit of hiring an INS in a health institution is the improved role of patient care offered (Hannah, puffiness & Edwards, 2006). In their duty, nurses decisions are founded on information available. INSs play a key role in organizing the information available to nurses for them to carry out their duties and monitor patients accurately (Hannah et al, 2006). Also, most hospitals do regular medical explore. Hiring an INS improves research in health care institutions. By the use of computer software, nurse researchers can belie data making it easy for nurses to diagnose problems and come up with the right decisions. This in turns helps to improve the quality of care given (Hannah et al, 2006). There is a considerable reduction in medical and diagnostic errors. obscure from better provision of care, having an INS helps health institutions manage departmental data, after which they are able to get and contain information from different departments and use it to make the working environment more ethical (Hannah et al, 2006). As practically as it is beneficial to have an INS among the staff member, it withal has financial implications on the health institution. The salary cypher of the hospital will go up significantly as an INS earns a salary ranging from USD 69,000 to USD 98,000 (Hannah et al, 2006). There is also a high initial cost of implementing the system, then maintaining and upgrading it. Training the nursing team will also have a cost. However, even with increased expenditure on salaries, there is a long precondition reduction in operation cost for the institution (Hannah et al, 2006). There will be a cut down cost of managing information systems and the institutions information. Since the INS manages the information, there are enhanced work ethics that contribute to reduced costs related to diagnostic and medical errors. These errors often lead to costly legal actions again st the hospital (Hannah et al, 2006). The role of the INS impacts positively on the relationship between nursing and other information system departments (ANA, 2001). Armed with both technical foul and clinical expertise, they are a vital link between the departments and assist in fostering alliances between them (Hein, 1998). They

Minx Marketing Solutions Essay Example for Free

Minx Marketing Solutions EssayA London museum in p blindnership with p prowess of culture and tourism in Syria wants to prepare for an exhibition to showcase selection of artifacts, relics, sculptures and art originating from the city of Palmyra, in Syria for a limited time period, all over summer 2009. The museum reached come forth for our company to help launch and fill out a campaign that is meant to promote the exhibition, pull customers, instal the museums profile thus reminding the consumers of the museum, differentiate the museum from some other museums, raise revenue and attract future partnerships with international departments of culture. Therefore our marketing company, Minx Marketing Solutions (MMS), set out working for a marketing plan and strategies to make the promotion and campaigning of the exhibition a success. The function of MMS is the total management of the exhibition from choosing of venue, advertisements and general day to day logistics for the per iod the exhibition runs. The London museum provides a budget of ? 1million which MMS will use in preparation and running of the exhibition. MMS however should give a design on how it intends to use the money provided to the London museum.Situational Analysis Palmyra boasts a fascinating and ancient taradiddle of significance to many civilizations and cultures. No any other museum has ever showcased Pieces from Palmyra in the recent past. Since the artifacts and art is such significant, we expect attention from a wide audience, youth and adults alike. Therefore this exhibition is fit for each family viewing. It should be understood that there are 1,848 museums in the UK. These are the museums altogether that have attracted up to and over 42 million visitors per year. This is about 22,700 visitors per museum per year.For major(ip) museums, the number is twice as much. ( Travers, 2006). Another rather elicit concept is the fact that about 43% of the population in the UK visits mus eums at least once a year and thus a survey done by London shoal of Economics showed that museums and galleries were major attractors of visitors and that the type of people visiting the museums had changed significantly in the period spanning 2002-2004.The number of people from the low cordial economic class and that of the blacks and minority groups had increased by 15. % and 60% respectively in that period (London School of Economics, 2007) The current market is handled by major museums and galleries across the UK but this depends entirely on whether or not it is a major museum (major museums have a larger market stake) and what the museum is showcasing. Therefore, to command a lions share in the market now that the museum is already a major museum, we need to showcase a major attraction such as the Palmyra pieces beautifully displayed to attest the significance of Palmyra works of art and artifacts to other cultures and civilization world over.Market competition is based on w hat you have to offer. A alteration of activities even outside the museum are likely to give one museum an edge over the other. Opportunities and Threats The opportunities for the exhibition to drive successful depends on the positioning of the exhibition, the charges, age bracket of the attendants (are children allowed? ) and other related or unrelated events happening around the set date that are likely to draw the crowds.In the 2009 summer, there shall be the Darwin commemoration, the crude Jewish museum in Camden grand opening, the London Canal museum is set to host theatrics and other activities for families and many other activities in other museums all over the country. This is a great threat because there are a number of activities being conducted by a number of museums and this may affect the turn out at the exhibition. The only prospect we have is based on the pricing and other activities outside the exhibition. Another opportunity is based on a fierce marketing campa ign to sell the exhibition to the general public.

Technology in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Technology in the Classroom EssayIn the article Twitter Goes to College by Zach Miners, the authors main point is to show us how technology has been incorporated in the classroom, how it is creation used as a way to get students involved, keep them engaged, and communicate inside and outside the classroom. However, legion(predicate) people fear of the harmful effects of technology usage in the classroom. bequeath students become in like manner dependent on technology? Will they lose the ability to communicate with other people?Will it affect their ability to think? These were probably some of the same concerns when the phone, radio, and television were invented. In todays society technology is everywhere. It touches almost every aspect of our lives, our homes, and even the way we communicate. Yet most schools in time seem to lag far behind when it comes to incorporating technology into classrooms. Many school districts have recently begun exploring the consecutive potenti al of integrating technology into the learning environment.They plan on implementing technology into their lesson plans. They hope to provide a figurer to every student from third grade to twelfth grade. By doing this it will open the door for educational opportunities. If properly used, technology will help students gain the skills they need to survive in a technologically advancing world. Incorporating technology into classrooms means more than just one class that teaches basic computer skills such as typing.In order for technological integration to be successful in classrooms, it must(prenominal) happen across the curriculum in ways that have been proven through research. According to Edutopia.org in that location are four key components of learning active engagement, participation in groups, frequent interaction and feedback, and fraternity to real-world experts. Technology integration is effective when the use of technology is a routine. It is successful when technology sup ports curricular goals. Incorporating technology into classrooms is an extremely effective way to be able to model and visualize what is

Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease Essay Example for Free

Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease EssayHow is the aim system organise?What are the neurological bases of Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease? The move system of the human anatomy is mainly rooted in the interaction of the nervous and muscular system wherein the interaction between the organs involved in the both enables the human body to move and react towards its environment. Basically, the labor system is organized between these dickens systems wherein the mastery process is centralized on the brain spot the enactment of the front man is done in the massiveness involved. In the brain, the motor control for voluntary movements is produced in the pyramidal system, which consists of two long neuron systems. These two systems are the upper motor neurons located in the primary motor cortex and the lower motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. some other important system in the brain is the extrapyramidal motor system located in the midbrain.This system is responsible for dampening erratic motions, maintaining muscle tone and truncal ability. Another important kingdom is the vestibular system, which is synaptically linked to the extrapyramidal system. This system controls the balance of the general body system and while doing movement. In addition is the cerebellum, which controls the muscle activity, tone, and equilibrium. In to each one of these systems in the brain, significant motor processes are produced and relayed into each region thus, producing the effective and logical reaction and movement of the human anatomy towards his or her environment. Relevant to the ruddy motor system of the human body is the condition of the different regions and systems involved in the bear upon of the motor movement impulses. In this aspect, the common diseases relative to body movement impairment are based on their neurological damage in the brain. The Parkinsons disease in particular, which is a movement disorder, affects the basal ganglia region in the brain resulting to deterioration of relay of motor impulses. These influences in the significant brain regions manifest in conditions of muscle rigidity, slowing to loss of physical movement in extreme cases, tremor, and others, which are the characteristic of Parkinsons disease.The Huntingtons disease is also a degenerative condition characterized by abnormal body movements and lack of coordination. This condition is rooted on the expansion of the altered form of Htt protein called mutant Huntingtin which results to cell death in most critical regions in the brain. These cellular deaths results to the reduction of impulse relay in the brain and the processing ability of the motor regions. This abnormal cellular death in the brain region affects the physical and cognitive ability of the human body characterized by the disease. In general, the degenerative health conditions affecting the body movement are mainly rooted on the abnormal development in the critical brain regions instanter related to the motor system.BibliographyBinder, M. D. (1999). Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms in the Neural Control of Movement (Progress in disposition Research). Elsevier Science Publication. 1st Edition. ISBN-10 0444502882.

Excel Logistics Case Essay Example for Free

Excel Logistics Case EssayPurposeTo usher in participants to the supply chain concept and to the effects decisions along the chain have on livestock levels and be. opening In this game the retailer sells cases of beer to a consumer and rates cases of beer from the contact the wholesaler sells cases of beer to the retailer and orders cases of beer from the allocator and the distributor sells cases of beer to the wholesaler and orders beer from the factory (brewery). The factory brews the beer. The beer supply chain is shown belowPlayers of the game each take on a different role in the supply chain. The roles be the Factory, Distributor, Wholesaler and Retailer. Each position is directly linked, and beer bottom of the inningnot ignore the adjacent position. For example, the Wholesaler orders beer from the Distributor, and ships beer to the Retailer. An important consideration in making decisions is the delay in the movement of beer by the supply chain. It takes three int ents to move an order of beer between each player in the supply chain. If during period 3 the Wholesaler decides to ship 10 cases of beer to the Retailer, the beer would take periods 4 and 5 to move to the Retailer and and then would be available for sale by the Retailer at the beginning of period 6. Similarly, orders are not visible to the upstream player for one period. For example, if the Wholesaler places an order in period 3, the order is true by the Distributor at the beginning of period 4. For each period of play, every participant follows the equivalent cycle1. The system is updated by your instructor where new orders and shipments are adjoind, shipments enroute are advanced, and stock-taking levels and backorder positions are mensurable (these tasks are done automatically by the server plan. 2. The player updates the status screen and reviews modern position. 3. A tape drive decision is do according to new orders and backlog, subject to stemma availability, 4. An ordering decision is made for more beer.There are only two costs involved in this simplified displacement of a logisticssupply chain inventory holding cost ($1.00/case/period) and back order costs ($2.00/case/period). Each team has the goal of minimizing the sum of these costs by balancing the cost of having inventory (inventory holding cost) with the cost of being out of inventory when a customer orders beer (back order cost). The server program keeps track of the costs incurred by each team. At the end of the game, the total game cost for the dissemination system is the sum of the four individual participants total costs (retailer cost + wholesaler cost + distributor cost + factory cost). The goal is to minimize team costs. Action The game begins with a fully-loaded pipeline of cases of beer 16 cases of inventory in each positions current inventory, 4 cases in each of the production delay pipeline, 4 cases in each of the shipping delay pipeline, each position has an initial or der for 4 cases of beer.DefinitionsThe pastime terms are used in the status report Current Demand This is the look at for the current period at this position. For the Retailer, this necessary is determined by an external demand stream. For all other positions, this demand reflects an order placed by the downriver position in the supply chain during the previous period. Backorder This is the demand that has not been met to date at this position. When a position does not meet demand by shipping cases of beer, the backorder amount is increased. This amount does not include the demand during the current period. Current Shipment This is the amount that is being shipped to the downstream position during the current period. After the ordering and shipping decisions have been made, the status button can be used to update the status report. The status report will reflect the current order and shipment decisions. Remember that later the instructor has updated the system, the status bu tton should be pressed again to receive a report that reflects the execution of the decisions for the previous period. On Hand This is the current amount in inventory at the position.This is the total amount that can be shipped this period from this position. Due Next Period This is the spell of units that are scheduled to arrive at this position next period. Due In Two Periods This is the subject of units that are scheduled to arrive in two periods. Current Order Release This is the number of units that are being ordered from the upstream position. Theupstream position will not see this order until after the system has been updated to the next period. Inventory monetary value This is the cumulative inventory cost for this position. This is calculated from the actual inventory balance at the end of each simulated period. During the update process, the system first ships material to the downstream position, updates the cumulative inventory and backorder costs based on the inve ntory and backorder levels, and then receives new material into the position. Backorder Cost This is the cumulative backorder cost for the position. Total Cost This is the total cumulative cost for the position.

God-given attributes Essay Example for Free

God-given attributes EssayThe nineteenth century held several(prenominal) of the very best traditions and practices the United States had. Yet, some of them today are not existent anymore due to the fact that the concept of the Ameri back end fantasy is slowly fading from the recesses of our very consciousness. If we are to examine the art of the late 19th century, we can get hold that the paintings project an old fashioned way of American career, where people do what is right and honorable a peaceful way of life. It is a life full of hopes and dreams that the American people will work and age further together into the future.Each individual, as a free man, can do what he can with his God-given attributes. The concept of the American Dream has changed so much to the extent that the perception nowadays is that financial constancy is the gauge of living this dream. Working parents are al slipway scampering out of their homes in search of monetary gain, sledding their kids b ehind to care for themselves. This effectuates circumstances of broken homes, where children are neglected and not taught the honest ways of life thus, they grow as individuals lacking good character traits.This eventually leads to the erosion of the American society the good luck down of the social structure based on the American Dream concept. If we are to retain the things that involve us good Americans, then we have to compromise with ourselves and with our fellow man for the benefit of everybody. Development is not at all bad yet, we have to integrate some of the fine old-fashioned ways of the 19th century with that of the present in order to alleviate the effects brought upon by some of the destructive ways of present living.

Comparison of the Great Gatsby, Leisure Class, and Teaching in Tehran Essay Example for Free

comparing of the nifty Gatsby, Leisure Class, and Teaching in Tehran EssayClass differences in society ar a major impact on the lifestyle of people. Even today we can mold how it personal resultants how a person experiences their life. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, we can clearly see how Gatsbys cordial consideration changes while in Reading Lolita in Tehran by Azar Nafisi we can see how syndicate differences effect the opinions of the people in the class. The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen in like manner demonstrates the philosophy and the dynamics of the differences in the midst of the rich and the poor. In these three works, status is portrayed as a dominant force in shaping ones educational and/or social experience. In The Great Gatsby we can see how ones status effects a persons educational and/or social experience. Gatsby was born(p) into a poor family and so he wasnt suitable to get a proper education. Instead he worked as a clam -digger and a salmon-fisher, unlike tomcat and Nick who had the best education collectible to their higher status and abundance of money. Gatsby had a different social experiece from Nick who was raised as a wealthinessy young boy who knew of his status.This acted as a assurance booster, one that assured him of his identity. Nicks father once said to him Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone just remember that each(prenominal) the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had (1). Gatsby, on the other hand, had a different social experience. Gatsby wasnt spoiled and became fledged at a younger age. However, when Gatsby moves to West Egg, his educational and social experiences now differ from his past due to him be a higher status.Gatsby, now a wealthy man, is able to pursue an education with much confidence. He is also able to experience a new social standing. An example of him excercising his new wealth and position in society is his hosting of popular parties in which he is able to observe how higher class people interact. Despite this he is always uncomfortable with the rest of the higher class and is only a spectator of his parties. He never really fits in because although he is now a higher class, he grew up poor with different ideals.Growing up in a different environ ment do Gatsby think that with money he can achieve anything even his goal of attaining Daisys love. His naivety with money shows intelligible class division between poor and rich. Interaction between men and women in Tehran manipulate women dependent on men. Gender plays a role in determining staus in Tehran. No content how poor a man is he is seen as having more(prenominal)(prenominal) status than most women. In the take Reading Lolita in Tehran, we can see the different educational and social values between men and women.Since men are raised thinking they have the superior status and their outlook on women are all similar. Unlike men, women are forced to be dependent on the male because of Tehran laws. This restricts women to do what men want to. Educationally both men and women were taught in this excerpt ,but how they perceived education was different. For a very religous man like Mr Nyazi, The Great Gastby as a book goes against eveything he believed in. Religon and his beliefs made him more narrow-minded and unable to look at the whole picture, making his argument biased.Mr. Nyazi argued, West is our great enemy, it is the Great Satan, not because of its military might, not because of its economic power, but because of its sinister assault (126). For a woman in Tehran to be able to argue back to a man was a big deal. Zarrin had a less biased view than Mr. Nyazi arguing how he wasnt reading critically enough. Zarrin said, An inablility to read a raw on its own terms. All he knows is judgement, crude, and simplistic exaltation of right and wrong (128).In this particular(prenominal) society, gender is a status that is even mo re difficult to break through than wealth. Being born into a wealthy family meant that you have many advantages. In The Theory of the Leisure Class we can see how the standards of the wealthy are very different from the poor. Being born into a higher class also comes with social pressure to be like everyone else and be different from the poor. Thorstein speaks of some guidelines wealthy people discover to show off their wealth to say Im not poor ,but rich.At this tage of wealth consists chiefly of slaves benefits accruing from the possesions of the riches and personal service and the immediate products of personal service(1). What the wealthy experience is very different from the poor. The wealthy has more freedom of choice, having more leisure time to do what they please, while the poor must work day-by-day to survive. Whether through status or gender ,these roles in society inevitably effect the experiences and oppurtunities that are offered. Gatsby being how he changed from the lower class to the higher class or even how Zarrin viewed The Great Gatsby versus Mr. Nyazis view.

Ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City Essay Example for Free

slateing offices in sendline company on the influx of touring car in Davao urban center EssayTicketing Offices is an office of Transportation Company, theatrical or entertainment enterprise or tatter dresser whither tickets are sold and reservation made. A Computer Reservations System or central reservation formation (CRS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to melody travel. Originally designed and operated by airline business businesss, CRSes were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Major CRS operations that allow and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as international Distribution Systems (GDS). Airlines have divested most of their rank holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their systems accessible to consumers through Internet gateways. Modern GDSes typically allow users to book airline tickets as well as activities and tours. Electronic Ticketing in the airline industry was devised in ab turn up 1994. E-ticketing has mostly replaced the older multi-layered paper ticketing systems, and since 1 June 2008, it has been mandatory for IATA members.Where paper tickets are still available, some airlines charge a fee for issuing paper tickets. When a reservation is confirmed, the airline keeps a record of the booking in its computer reservations system. Customers can print out or are provided with a copy of their e-ticket itinerary recognize which contains the record locator or reservation number and the e-ticket number. It is possible to print multiple copies of an e-ticket itinerary receipt.An airfare is the wrong a passenger pays in order to travel by air. The types of fares, rules and restrictions, taxes, etc., are all components that complicate the impairment involved for a passenger to fly from one place to another. Fares are most often found on one-way or round-trip travel. Fares may be published, unpublished and/or negotiated fares (corporations, or government agencies/organizations may have fares negotiated with an airline at a lower rate). Unpublished fares are as well as known as consolidated fares and are offered by consolidators and bucket shops.Objectives of the bringThe general objective of the study is to determine the region of ticketing offices on the influx of tourist in Davao City. Specifically the study aims to1. Different ticketing offices in Davao City and the serve offered 2. Find out the tourist arrival (2012-2013) in Davao City3. Determine the vantages of ticketing offices in Davao City. 4. Find out the elicit suggestions of respondentsExpected Output1. Different ticketing offices in Davao City and the services offered. 2. Found out the tourist arrival (2012-2013) in Davao City3. Determined the advantages of ticketing offices in Davao City. 4. Found out the elicit suggestions of respondents.Scope limitation of the StudyThis study limited only the contribution of ticketing offices in airline company o n the influx of tourist in Davao City, their tourist arrival 2012-2013, the advantages of the ticketing offices and find out the elicit suggestions of travelers as respondents.Time drive of the StudyThis study entitled Ticketing Offices Its Contribution to the Influx of Tourist in Davao City will be conducted in the City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. From September to October 2013.Definition of TermsAirline ticket is a document, issued by an airline or a travel agency, to confirm that an individual has purchased a seat on a flying on an aircraft. This document is then used to obtain a boarding pass, at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached ticket, the passenger is allowed to board the aircraft.There are two sorts of airline tickets the older fashion with coupons now referred to as a paper ticket, and the now morecommon electronic ticket ordinarily referred to as an e-ticket. Electronic ticket an electronic form of an airline ticket Influx an arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things Tourist a person who is traveling, especially for pleasure.TICKETING OFFICES ITS CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITYSHAHONEY D. DIWANA Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of supranational Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management, College of Human Ecology and Food Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, in Partial, Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of knight bachelor OF SCIENCE IN TRAVEL focusOCTOBER 2013Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAOKabacan, CotabatoCOLLEGE OF HUMAN ECOLOGY AND FOOD SCIENCES favorable reception OF THESIS OUTLINEName SHAHONEY D. DIWAN Degree Sought BS IN TRAVEL MANAGEMENT Thesis Title TICKETING OFFICES ITS CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY. APPROVED BY THE focussing COMMITTEE adviser Department Statistician engagement Date Department Chairperson Dept. Research Coordinator Date Date College Research Coordinator Dean Date Date Study No. ________Recorded by ________ genuineDirector for Research DevelopmentDateIndex No. _______Recorded by _______ACCEPTANCEThe dissertation outline attached here to entitled TICKETING OFFICES ITS CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY, vigilant and submitted by SHAHONEY D. DIWAN, in partial fulfilled of the requirements for the degree of bachelor-at-arms of Science in Travel Management, is here by accepted.AdviserDateAccepted as a partial fulfilled of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Travel Management.Research Coordinator, CHEFSDateTABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARIESTitle varlet praise of Thesis OutlineAcceptance SheetTable of ContentsList of Dummy TablesList of Appendices triggerSignificance of the StudyObjectives of the StudyExpected OutputScope and Limitation of the StudyTime and buns of the StudyDefinition of TermsREVIEW LITERATURETicketing OfficesMATERIALS AND METHODSResearch DesignLocation of the StudyRespondents of the Stu dySampling ProceduresResearch InstrumentData Gathering ProcedureStatistical AnalysisLITERATURE CITEDAPPENDICES bring up OF TABLESNumberTitlePage1Ticketing Offices in Davao City and the services offered2Tourist arriver (2012-2013)3Advantages of Ticketing Offices4Elicit suggestions of respondentsLIST OF FIGURESNumber1TitleThe Location of Davao CityPageLIST OF APPENDICESAppendix LetterTitlePageALetter of Application for Thesis AdviserBLetter of Application for Thesis TitleCLetter of Permission to the Manager/ possessorDCover LetterESample QuestionnaireFSchedule of Research ActivitiesGGantt mapHBudgetary RequirementsIDummy TablesJProcessing FormTICKETINGImprove productivity with transparent, attributable and flexible ticketing Airlines are well aware of the need to evolve sales activities and harness the advantage of paperless, electronic ticketing. SITAs Ticketing remedys your airlines productivity by reducing document issue times by automatically generating travel documents in mu ltiple formats with minimal errors.Ticketing also gives you full control over your electronic miscellaneous document (EMD) products. SITAs Ticketing enables to you use EMDs to generate substantially higher revenues by selling subsidiary service products.OVERVIEWPositive feedbackSITAs Ticketing lets you save costs and boost revenue with real-time sales reporting technology that displays detailed revenue generation indexes. Ticketing collates up-to-date, accurate and detailed sales activity and financial reports from your constitutional airline, all ticket agents and independent sales offices.e-Ticket innovationThe e-ticket database is separate from the airlines reservation database. With SITAs Ticketing,e-tickets can be sold by the airline, a global distribution system or an interline checkmate. SITAs Ticketing makes e-tickets independently accessible and unlike paper documents, it tracks the use of the ticket.Fully compatibleTicketing is a part of SITAs Horizon portfolio and is an industry compliantplatform designed for airlines using SITA Reservations. SITA Ticketing is also designed to meet IATAs standard traffic documents (STD) format.BENEFITSSITAs Ticketing provides the following benefits.Expedited and less expensive passenger transactions amend accuracy and readabilityIncreased securityIncreased customer retentionAbility to meet changing demands of your business environment Ensured compliance with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and Air Transport Association (ATA) standardsE-ticketing provides the following benefits. cut costsSaves money by eliminating paper and postage-related costsPromotes low cost distribution channels, such as airline Web sites Enhances passenger handling with automation for example, using kiosks, the Internet and mobile phonesIncreased productivity and controlMaximizes agent productivity by turning call centres into revenue centres Eliminates lost and stolen ticketsReduces the opportunities for fraudImproved servi ce deliverySupports alliance and partner airline interline e-ticketing requirements Ticket changes and/or revert requests are touch on more easily Supports ground handling options (i.e., where your airline is ground handled)FEATURESTicketing offers a wide range of features to improve the productivity of both ticketing and financial management. Multiple ticket formats can be generated automatically (e.g., TAT, OPTAT, ATB2, OPTATB and electronic tickets) change Ticket and Boarding pass 2 (ATB2) functionality includes creditcard charge forms, itinerary and address tease ATB2 coupons, with encoded magnetic strips, may be read at check-in and/or used to read ticket data at revenue accountingElectronic tickets may be sold by partner airlines and global distribution systems for both online and interline itineraries Conjunction tickets are issued automatically and an itinerary of up to 20 segments may be issued Easy-to-use document issuance screens are provided for user guidance Multipl e printer types are support allowing you to use your own choice of equipment and vendor The system also has state-of-the-art interfaces to Reservations and Airfare Financial intelligenceTicketing also offers on-demand and automated printing of management reports. These include Sales summaries of agent and office productivitySales reports including refund and exchange informationReal-time financial data can be electronically distributed as required, found on specified financial periods. Financial data can also be reported to the cant settlement plan (BSP) or in-house system based on specified or user-defined financial periods. SITA Global helps (SGS)Ticketing is supported by SITA Global Services (SGS) which provides you with global business continuity through a flexible service model. Our monitoring service ensures your IT systems are reliable and available, around the clock, around the world. Our experts proactively monitor your infrastructure, identifying and resolving problems often before they impact your services.SITA HISTORYSITA was a pioneer in international telecommunications for the air charm industry and has continued to operate at the forefront of technology. 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Poverty, Education and Health Care Essay Example for Free

indigence, Education and wellness allot EssayAbstractPoverty and fosterage play an important role in doorway to wellness occupy. A wretched socioeconomic status influences the wellness of quite a little. This paper provides a general overview of how destitution and knowledge determines access to wellness cargon. It provides a description of the consequences of pauperization and tuition on wellness cargonfulness accessibility. in the end it provides solutions as how to address the issue.The link between poverty, education and access to wellness check c ar has received capacious attention. Health influences all the activities of an individual. All societies are concerned with varying levels of wellness among their members. They are withal concerned about marginalized sections of society befuddle access to health mission.Poverty and its do on society mess be immenseing to unequal communities devour miserable-d thrower health outcomes. They project les s access to primary give care as compared with to a greater extent large residents. They are in any case less likely to bewilder health restitution and tied(p) doctor. They are more likely to bugger off inveterate health problems. They are more likely to ca-ca hospitalized for conditions which can be detected and treated at an early stage. Despite an expansive habitual insurance program these health problems remain. At least 18 part of Americans are without medical checkup examination insurance. This means a total of 44 million are without health insurance out of a existence of three hundred million. An estimated 87 percent of pile are covered by government or employee based health care insurance (Cutler, 2004). wad with paltry socioeconomic status face many challenges in maintaining their health. They have a highschool mortality rate. They are more likely to be suffering from some disease. They have limited health care resources. They live in myopic environmental situations. The United States has one of the humans most impressive standards of living. At least 32 million Americans live be down(p) the poverty line. In addition to unforesightful people an estimated 50 million people live in poverty like conditions. Health pip a chance factors like smoking, obesity and sedentary feelingstyle are frame in ugly Americans (Cutler, 2004).They have a higher prevalence of disability and chronic illness. They have a shorter life expectancy. Children belonging to little families are more likely to be malnourished. Many poor Americans live in houses which have fall paint. This can cause growth problems in children. Poor people eat low-budget food which is fatty and inadequacys important nutrients. Poor people cannot afford health insurance coverage.Patients postpone their medical care and they are more likely to go without prescription euphonys. Low income giveers are at the highest stake of being uninsured because they are ineligible for Medicaid coverage. They work in low wage jobs that do not sally insurance. They cannot afford the high premiums associated with health care insurance. The lack of a usual source of care is another barrier to seek adequate health care.The challenges associated with poverty create conditions that can diminish lifesavings, trim back learning ability and reduce physical, mental and emotional well being. All of these factors are a panic to peoples health. Urban areas in the United States have many health care facilities. tho poor people cannot make use of these services. The major challenge is the high cost of visiting doctors, medicine and hospital care. Social factors like language barriers and prejudice by providers in any case hinder the accessibility of health care by poor people. The government also faces challenges in trying spreading health education in poor communities.Health care services are vital for the survival and livelihood of poor people. Illness persists in poor p eople. It stops people from working and forces them to sell assets. They fall into debt and are lead into a vicious cycle of dependency and poverty. Failure to treat themselves leads to illness and disability. This further reduces the ability to work in poorer households. People living in rural areas are forced to bear high enrapture cost. This is difficult and expensive for them. The lack of local health centers in rural areas further hinders the ability of poor people to access adequate health care (Crichton, 1997).The huge time that takes for poor people to fix treatment is one of the greatest barriers which they face. Time away from jobs results in lost income. Health services bear by governments are usually inefficient and are characterized by neglect. The quality of service is low. There is shortage of staff. There is no proper medicine and equipment. In many countries in that respect is no safe water to drink.In developing countries there are high costs to health care. Besides the official fees there are corrupt staff members who demand bribes and fees in return for ordinary services. These services can acknowledge registration, tests and being given medicine. They can also pressurize a sick person to make superfluous visits to the hospital. Payment methods are not flexible in many developing countries. Payment usually has to be do in advance and in cash. This causes considerable hardship for poor people (Crichton, 1997).Education and its effects on societyEducation also plays an important role in health care. Many people with low literacy cannot read and take care directions written on medicinal drugs. They cannot complete medical consent forms. They have problems in accessing health care and dealing with health related issues. Health literacy is the ability to read and understand spoken language and procedures related to health care. It consists of comprehension, communication and appropriate action. The direct effects of low health litera cy are medication errors. The indirect issues can include insurance issues, accessibility to health care and poor health expression (Shi, 2003).Low health literacy affects people of all ages, races, educational levels and tender classes. It is driven by a mix of factors. It is a multidimensional issue. Understanding written materials has been part of extensive health literacy in the past a couple of(prenominal) years. Sensitivity to culture has also become part of health literacy due to the diverse population of the world. Messages and images have to be tailored to meet the diverse beliefs and values of people. Health literacy is concerned with understanding the information obligatory to manage health (Shi, 2003).It is estimated that at least 90 million people in the United States cannot read. The health of such people is at risk. Ethnic minority groups are also affected by low health literacy. Older patients, recent immigrants, people with chronic diseases and those with low i ncome are also unguarded to having low health literacy. Many people with average or strong literacy skills have found medical language and concepts confusing.There are many health consequences associated with a low literacy level. Research has found that at least one third of patients have health problems because of failure in pickings prescription medication correctly. People with low health literacy cannot comply with prescribed treatments and self care routines. They also have a high rate of failure in seeking preventive care. They are more at risk for hospitalization. They lack the skills to successfully move in the complex healthcare system (Shi, 2003).Patients with low health literacy have glycemic control. They are also more likely to report eye problems caused by diabetes. The annual health care costs for individuals with low health literacy are five times higher than those with higher health literacy skills. People with low health literacy are more likely to use health ca re services. Additional health care expenditures result from low health literacy skills. People cannot feel part of the social structure. They are also vulnerable to anxiety and other mental disorders. They can also alienate other people. Research has also found that people with low literacy levels are more vulnerable to die.While federal and state lawmakers continue to tip over about how to increase access to health care, some of them are thinking of reinsurance system which might be affordable for poor people. In order to understand the concept of insurance it is essential that policy makers understand the concepts, benefits and limits of reinsurance mechanism.Reforms in Health careReinsurance in health care refers to risk transfer or risk pooling arrangements. These are designed to remove the barriers which low income workers and minorities face when accessing health care. Risk transfer arrangements can foster in this matter but they cannot lower health care costs. Policy maker s must design policies which go on participation from insurers and remove incentives to transfer costs to taxpayers.Reinsurance is defined as an insurance company buying insurance itself. The primary insurer is protected against the rare set of circumstances which might produce losses that it cannot lineage on its own. Property and casualty insurance are the areas where reinsurance has been successfully implemented. Companies working in these areas can take heavy losses due to natural disasters in a short time period.This induces insurers to buy reinsurance on the commercial market. Poor people cannot afford health insurance coverage. This directly affects their ability to access medical care. Patients postpone their medical care and they are more likely to go without prescription medicines. Low income workers are at the highest risk of being uninsured because they are ineligible for Medicaid coverage (Kling, 2004).Public health plays a vital role in countering the effects of pove rty on health care. It also minimizes the disparities in health by income. Public health policies protect the health of the population. It also plays an important role in reduce contagious diseases and providing low cost health services to marginalized sections of society. There are many examples of public health functions. Immunizing babies, improving sanitation, combating sexually transmitted diseases, protecting the environment and containing tuberculosis are some of the public health functions.Public health chargees on reallocating resources to communities which have low incomes. The US government has a network of alliance health centers, public clinics, school based clinics and health clinics for low income workers, migrants, minorities and homeless people. The National Health run Corps is an organization which provides services and places physicians in vulnerable communities. Public health services also focus on specific diseases like tuberculosis. They also increase immun ization efforts against this disease.They provide services which improve the health of low income families. Neighborhoods are cleaned from lead paint, pollution control and nutrition programs are launched. Women and children are fed through with(predicate) special programs. Poor people with low income and education have poorer health outcomes. They have less access to primary care as compared with more bounteous residents. They are also less likely to have health insurance and regular doctor. They are more likely to have chronic health problems (Kling, 2004).Medicaid is the largest public programs that have improved access to health care. It provides health services to low income population. It finances health and long term care insurance for over 40 million low income Americans. Before Medicaid the poor people were essentially without any medical care. They relied on charity of physicians and hospitals. Public hospitals and clinics were also visited by poor people. Medicaid has m ade health services available to poor people. It has improved their health status and access to quality care.It has also created satisfaction amongst the poor people. Uninsured poor people lag well behind those people who have coverage with Medicaid. People with Medicaid have even fared comparably with private insurance (Kling, 2004). Despite the fact that these programs offer valuable assistance to low income populations, the deficits in access and coverage faced by low income population cannot be easily overcome. Increase in income does produce a substantial contribution to removing health differentials. stock-still this is the need for insurance coverage and support for conjunction based resources to eliminate health disparities by income.Poverty is hazardous for the physical and mental well being of an individual. Low income and homeless people are poor physical functions. They have a high prevalence of health risk factors and chronic health conditions. They also are more vuln erable to depression and other mental disorders. Research has shown that people living in vulnerable communities have a higher rate of being diagnosed with mental disorders as compared with more affluent communities (Kling, 2004).There is a need for prevention, intervention and treatment of diseases for poor people. Welfare reform cannot succeed without taking into account the special health problems of poor people and children. Poverty is associated with depression and other symptoms. It contributes to depression. People with poor personal support have no assistance in raising children. They live under the chronic stress of having children but little money to support them. They are at a higher risk for depression. There is a strong link between single-parent status, responsibility for young children, social isolation, and lack of social supports as well as to poverty.Welfare recipients have many barriers towards employment. They have low skills, substance abuse, health limitation or children with chronic medical conditions. They have serious forms of barriers. They have also high level of distress. They seek help from general medical, specialized and human service sources. Poor people with low income and education have poorer health outcomes. They have less access to primary care as compared with more affluent residents. They are also less likely to have health insurance and regular doctor.They are more likely to have chronic health problems. They are more likely to get hospitalized for conditions which can be detected and treated at an early stage. Despite an expansive public insurance program these health problems remain. At least 18 percent of Americans are without medical insurance. This means a total of 44 million are without health insurance out of a population of 300 million. An estimated 87 percent of people are covered by government or employee based health care insurance. move up health care costs have become unbearable in the world. This is a prob lem for poor people in the Western countries and the situation is even worse in developing countries. There is a need for reform in the health care system. Many poor people are not covered by health insurance. Critical care medicine in high technology hospitals are only for a small group of patients (Ham, 2004).The first step should be rationing in containing health care costs. Public health care resources are limited. It is not possible to satisfy all medical needs for all people at all times. An appropriate goal for developing countries is to provide raw material health care for the people. many luxury medical procedures must be left for individuals to purchase with their own resources. A basic level of health care must be provided for all people.Providing the best care is practically impossible. The government can however provide a basic level of care. Prevention orient and ordinary treatment oriented goals must be set for developing countries and their health care systems. c heap medical prevention is more effective and appropriate for poor people. Finally there should be a system of support which should help people with special expensive medicine care. Special foundations should come to the fork over of poor people for emergency and life saving procedures (Cundiff, 2005).ConclusionThe health and well being of poor communities is an issue confronting both developed and developing countries. Research has found links between poverty and the health of people. Inside the United States many poor people do not have health insurance. Some of them cant even think of affording health insurance. They are more concerned with the basic creature comforts of life. People in developing countries are even worse off. They have access to state hospitals and clinics which do not have trained staff, prescription medicine and advanced hospital care (Cundiff, 2005).A low health literacy rate is also dangerous for the well being of people. It can have adverse banish econom ic and social impacts. They can die at from treatable causes and get hospitalized because of their lack of health literacy skills. They are also prone to suffering from mental diseases like anxiety and depression. There is the need for health reform in the entire world. Governments must provide a basic level of health care to all citizens. travel hospital care must be made available by foundations and donations. Governments working in coordination with community support groups can effectively counter the affects of poverty and low education on the health care of poor people. Some health responsibilities and policies should be transferred to community groups. The international community must help poor countries in developing basic and adequate health care system.ReferencesCutler, David M. (2004). Your Money Or Your Life powerful Medicine for Americas Health CareSystem. US Oxford University Press.Crichton, Anne (1997). Health Care A Community Concern?. US University of Calgary.Shi, L eiyu (2003). Delivering Health Care in America A Systems Approach. US Jones and Bartlett.Kling, Arnold S. (2004). Crisis of Abundance Rethinking How We Pay for Health Care. US Cato Institute.Ham, Christopher (2004). Health Care Reform Learning from International Experience. US McGraw-Hill Education.Cundiff, David E. (2005). The Right Medicine How to Make Health Care Reform Work Today. US Humana Press.

Marketing Samsung Essay Example for Free

Marketing Samsung EssayThe transformation from a low end to a world distinguish company, Samsung has grown with an electrifying portfolio. Next is what tag line for totally the Samsung mobiles defies its competitors,making them strive more to compete. The underpinning business druthers aids the company to play the market race easily. The coordination between the products and sales is balanced and composed that the shekels sales mend at a eminent speed. Samsung targets to capitalize profitability by ensuing an efficacious marketing mix. A healthy competition is always considered to be one of the most attractive ride sources to triumph. Samsung faces several industrial aspirants, but is significantly distinguished with its marketing management tasks.The company follows a centre strategy to keep glowing in the sprint. Superior performance through differentiation providing consumer value, managing lowest lay aside cost acts as the imperative competitive advantages. ?The dir ect competitor targets for Samsung are,Put the companies name like iphone, nokia all its important competitors logoSamsung has a strong infrastructure with all the necessary requirements, producing wide range of fountainhead recognized products globally. The company puts its higher investment on RD, thereby building technologically driven inlet products. It establishes a brand value , providing greater yields than its competitors. The fast changing company entices young brains by providing gripping pay, bonuses and incentives as a token of recognition. Samsung has large resources as a world powerful work force, who are given up full freedom to explore and innovate advancement in technologies and development. The business targets the specific market and creates a revolution, with its high margin products all over the world. With joint investments, the business is customer and market oriented.The brand power creates value chain that integrates competencies of all areas.Samsung posi tions itself as the digital technology leader, contends with other leading companies by appointing Olympic gold medalist Abinav Bindra and Actor Aamir khan, as its brand ambassador for it consumer electronics business and mobile phones respectively. Samsung meets every challenge, with high investment, with expertise in technology and marketing. Internally, Samsung maintains its own controlled strategy to stay competitive.

Of Endings and Closures Essay Example for Free

Of Endings and Closures EssayWhen reading a novel, some potbellynot avoid and get carried onward by the emotions and experiences of the credits. Some novelists atomic number 18 very good not only at capturing interest of their readers but also getting them involved in the turn of events. Through the dialogues, the characters, and the speckle, the readers are compelled to think, feel, and even dream. With vivid imagination, readers can feel like they are active participants to the level. Taking this into consideration, authors should consider what the readers would feel upon reading a story. Although the fount of the story is one very essential part of the plot, the terminus is more than important for it concludes and seals in each knot, each loose end presented throughout the story. It decides what will happen to the characters, and suggests to the readers how they should think or react to the locating or feelings presented. They compel the readers to continue the th ought implied at the end, or to imagine the scenes get along true in reality. This way the storys closing is very important. Without it the story will not reach its decisiveness. blueprint a suitable completion is very important.Based on the thoughts and experiences of the characters, the close should provide a finality to make the work complete. It should provide conclusion to the themes of the story, and tie every loose end so as not to leave the audience hanging. Although some stories are open-ended, where readers are asked to decide what happens next, these stories still suggest a specific ending considering the events that proceeded. The point is, as the reader closes the book, they should be left with a thought to sex other thoughts that they could apply in their own experiences. A storys ending does not perpetually film to be happy.There are endings that are meant to be sad especially if this is where the main character is led throughout the story. In learning about point of assimilate, we cod how the storys list of narration connects with the ending. Based on this, a story with the omniscient rake is likely to have a happy ending, where all characters will be settled in place, those who are good will be rewarded, while those who are sad will be punished. In contrast, a story presenting the psychological move will likely constitute a sad ending or death of someone connected to the main character.These two angles are the ones utilise in the novels of two great classical women writers, Jane Austen and Emily Bronte. Jane Austens Northanger Abbey presents the omniscient angle, while Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights commits the psychological angle, being told by Lockwood, who makes a reflection on what is hap around him. In Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen employs the omniscient angle. Although the story is focused on Catherine as the main character, subplots are used to tell experiences, especially love affairs of other characters like Isabel la, Eleanor, John, and James.Told in the omniscient angle, the author provides a closure to every subplot, and finally leads to the major one, the conclusion for the major characters journey. Noticeably, different sub-endings are employed in the story. The end of Isabellas affair with James (Catherines brother) is not successful, neither is her blood with Frederick. Similarly, the arrogant John Thorpe does not succeed in winning Catherines heart, while Eleanor (Henrys sister) gets to unite a wealthy and prominent man, an ending somehow related to that of Catherines.Told in the omniscient angle, the narrator seems to see everything happening among the characters. Although the focus is on the development in the life of the young woman, other events that intertwine are also told by the omniscient narrator. As such, the deeds and feelings of the characters are revealed in the story. If follows that those who are good-natured, those who does not spirt affection like Catherine, Eleano r, and Henry are granted congruous treatment in the story, with a proper ending for all of them.In relation, those who do not do good, and make believe affection are punished, such as Isabella and John. The omniscient angle affects the story or vice versa for it considers the effect on the readers. As mentioned, those who should be punished lose in the unraveling of events, and those who are good triumph. In contrast, Emily Bronte uses the psychological angle in her novel, Wuthering Heights. The story is told by Lockwood, who serves as a major participant in the story for he is the one enceinte account and reflecting on the major characters experiences.Although he is not a major character in the plot involving Heathcliff and those who have died, he plays an important role in that the story of Heathcliff affects him directly, and makes him write his own point of view regarding other characters. As the major narrator who takes interest in his landlords story, he gives Heathcliff w ith some psychological imbalance, giving his account a psychological treatment. The angle by which the story is told relates with the ending of the story.Being told in the major characters viewpoint, it gives account on what happens to the main character, Heathcliff, his affections, sufferings, emotional imbalance, etc. Through this angle we see how the death of Catherine Earnshaw affects Heathcliff, and how the anger inside him makes him fall into a sad pit. Aside from point of view, the word form of characters present in the story affects the treatment and the ending. Both novels employ the concept of bildungsroman, thus providing the psychological, moral and knowing development of the characters from the time they are young.As such, in Austens Northanger Abbey, we see how the naive Catherine grows up to be a self-assured individual. As the characters journey continues, she meets different people to help her move on new insights about life, and she matures more with the experi ences she has. Although some events lead her to feel dismayed such as the feign feelings of Isabella towards her brother, and the arrogance of John, the encounters she has makes her a more mature person. Moreover, her encounters with the Linton and the captains hospitality of sending her back home office contribute to her development, for these help her explore the world and find her place in it.The positive development of Austens character normally leads to a positive ending. As the events unravel, the readers may expect a happy ending for the character. Although Henrys proposal comes a little later than she appetencyes, it concludes the major characters supreme wish, and justifies the preparation Catherine undergoes in being a full-grown woman. The plot is designed in such a way that the character experiences all the necessary events in her life, including the waiting and rejection, for her to satisfy a more important role in the end, that is fulfilling her wish to be a family woman.The same concept of bildungsroman is applied by Bronte in the character of Heathcliff. This starts with the adoption of Heathcliff by Mr. Earnshaw despite the strong disapproval of Hindley. In the story, we see that the weak son turns into a strong and influential man when he grows up. However, unlike the protagonist of Austen, Heathcliff develops in a or else negative way. His hatred towards Hindley and Edgar Linton makes him bitter and this does not change until the end. Although there is development, it is negative, thus leading to the tragic ending of the said character.There is a clear relevance between the negative development Heathcliff undergoes and the sad ending he encounters. Some readers who prefer a happy ending would still expect Heathcliff to change on the way, especially when he finally reunites with his son. However, it is only rational and more realistic that the former events lead to the tragic ending. The melancholy the character imposes on himself and ot hers correspond to the ending that Bronte gives. The cruel and unforgiving personality Heathcliff projects reasonably leads to his bad fate.We may say that this is more reasonable than make him reflect on everything he has done and have him repent at the end. Although having him repent for his sins would make the story more cathartic as what would be explained later, the ending by Bronte may have better relevance during the time the novel was written. The theme of disaster is in all likelihood more appealing to the people during its milieu, that is why faith in God and religion is not forceful in the story. Moreover, the novels themes of misery and revenge are two intertwined motifs. Heathcliff suffers misery because of his cruelty and wish for revenge.He insists on having his way on everything, even if doing so would hurt the people around him. The misery he feels later leads him to insanity, as he talks to Catherines ghost on his own. It probably appealed more to the audience t o have Heathcliff suffer at the end than have him repent and change his ways. The question of abreaction is another consideration in evaluating the ending of a story. Catharsis as Meriam Webster Online Dictionary defines (2008), is a nuance or purgation that brings about spiritual renewal or release from tension. In employing katharsis, the author should use elements to balance the good and evil in the story. For instance, crime stories with criminals as the main characters should not just portray them as bad people, but also as good ones. One classic example is redbreast Hood. In this tale we see that the protagonist steals from the rich to give the goods to the poor people. By making him brainiac the cause of the poor, the character is an example of a cathartic hero. Even though stealing from the rich is a crime, it is made positive and thus gains approval from those in the lower class.This way, the story becomes cathartic. In Northanger Abbey, we see catharsis in the lives o f the characters. First, we see the consequences in the life of Isabella. When she falls in love with James, she also remains as Catherines friend, but when she leaves James for Frederick, she loses her bestfriend and the man who loves her. Such fate of an unfaithful lover demonstrates the authors way of achieving catharsis. It reveals that unfaithfulness will not lead to finding true love, and retribution will come later on.